Experimental and Analytical Investigation of D-Type Self-Centering Steel Eccentrically Braced Frames with Replaceable Hysteretic Damping Devices
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of D-type self-centering eccentrically braced frames (SCEBF) subjected to cyclic loading. Analytical formulation of the SCEBF module frame’s load-displacement relationship is first presented. A total of five one-bay one-story SCEBF module frame specimens were experimentally tested under cyclic loading to investigate their seismic behavior. Finite-element simulation study of Specimen SCEBF2 was also conducted to assist with specimen design. The replaceable hysteretic damping (RHD) devices made of low-yield steel were installed at the corners of a rocking link beam to use the amplified motion due to the rocking link beam’s rotation and gap opening for energy dissipation. The experimental test results revealed that all the SCEBF specimens were capable of recentering and that the damage was confined to the RHD devices. It was also found that after severe cyclic loading, the SCEBF module frames with replaced RHD devices exhibited almost identical stiffness, strength, recentering ability, and energy dissipation capacity to those of the original structure.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Financial support for the experimental part of this study was provided by Tongji University. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations presented in this paper are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.
References
AISC. 2010a. Code of standard practice for steel buildings and bridges. AISC 303. Chicago: AISC.
AISC. 2010b. Seismic provisions for structural steel buildings. ANSI/AISC 341. Chicago: AISC.
Cheng, C., C. Hsu, and K. Lin. 2012. “Seismic behavior of self-centering designed eccentrically braced frames.” In Proc., 15th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering. Red Hook, NY: Curran Associates.
Christopoulos, C., A. Filiatrault, and B. Folz. 2002a. “Seismic response of self-centering hysteretic SDOF systems.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 31 (5): 1131–1150. https://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9845.
Christopoulos, C., A. Filiatrault, C. M. Uang, and B. Folz. 2002b. “Posttensioned energy dissipating connections for moment-resisting steel frame.” J. Struct. Eng. 128 (9): 1111–1120. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:9(1111).
Clayton, P. M., T. B. Winkley, J. W. Berman, and L. N. Lowes. 2012. “Experimental investigation of self-centering steel plate shear walls.” J. Struct. Eng. 138 (7): 952–960. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000531.
Dolce, M., D. Cardone, and R. Marnetto. 2000. “Implementation and testing of passive control devices based on shape memory alloys.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 29 (7): 945–968. https://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9845.
El-Sheikh, M. T., R. Sause, S. Pessiki, and L.-W. Lu. 1999. “Seismic behavior and design of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete frames.” PCI J. 44 (3): 54–71. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.
Fang, C., M. C. H. Yam, A. C. C. Lam, and L. K. Xie. 2014. “Cyclic performance of extended end-plate connections equipped with shape memory alloy bolts.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 94 (Mar): 122–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.11.008.
Foutch, F. A. 1989. “Seismic behavior of eccentrically braced steel building.” J. Struct. Eng. 115 (8): 1857–1876. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1989)115:8(1857).
Fujimoto, M., T. Aoyagi, K. Ukai, A. Wada, and K. Saito. 1972. “Structural characteristics of eccentric K-braced frames.” Trans. Archit. Inst. Japan 195: 39–49.
Garlock, M. 2002. “Design, analysis, and experimental behavior of seismic resistant post-tensioned steel moment resisting frames.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh Univ.
Garlock, M., J. Ricles, and R. Sause. 2005. “Experimental studies of full-scale posttensioned steel connections.” J. Struct. Eng. 131 (3): 438–448. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:3(438).
Garlock, M., R. Sause, and J. Ricles. 2007. “Behavior and design of posttensioned steel frame systems.” J. Struct. Eng. 133 (3): 389–399. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:3(389).
Hjelmstad, K. D., and E. P. Popov. 1984. “Characteristics of eccentrically braced frames.” J. Struct. Eng. 110 (2): 340–353. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1984)110:2(340).
Kasai, K., and E. P. Popov. 1986. “General behavior of WF steel shear link beams.” J. Struct. Eng. 112 (2): 362–382. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1986)112:2(362).
Kurama, Y., R. Sause, S. Pessiki, and L.-W. Lu. 1999. “Lateral load behavior and seismic design of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete walls.” ACI Struct. J. 96 (4): 622–632.
Li, R. 2015. “Seismic behavior of self-centering post-tensioned eccentrically braced frame structures with stainless steel fuse members.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maryland.
Malley, J. O., and E. P. Popov. 1984. “Shear link in eccentrically braced frames.” J. Struct. Eng. 110 (9): 2275–2295. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1984)110:9(2275).
Okazaki, T., and M. D. Engelhardt. 2007. “Cyclic loading behavior of EBF links constructed of ASTM A992 steel.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 63 (6): 751–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2006.08.004.
Popov, E. P., and M. D. Engelhardt. 1988. “Seismic eccentrically braced frames.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 10 (C): 321–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-974X(88)90034-X.
Popov, E. P., K. Kasai, and M. Engelhardt. 1987. “Advances in design of eccentrically braced frames.” Earthquake Spectra 3 (1): 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585418.
Priestly, M. J. N. 1991. “An overview of PRESSS research program.” PCI J. 36 (4): 50–57. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.
Qiu, C. X., and S. Zhu. 2016. “High-mode effects on seismic performance of a multi-story self-centering-braced steel frame.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 119: 133–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.12.008.
Qiu, C. X., and S. Zhu. 2017. “Shaking table test and numerical study of self-centering steel frame with SMA-based damping braces.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 46 (1): 117–137. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.v46.1.
Richards, P. W. 2010. “Estimating the stiffness of eccentrically braced frames.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 15 (1): 91–95. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000027.
Richards, P. W., and C. M. Uang. 2005. “Effect of flange width thickness ratio on eccentrically braced frame link cyclic rotation capacity.” J. Struct. Eng. 131 (10): 1546–1552. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:10(1546).
Richards, P. W., and C. M. Uang. 2006. “Testing protocol for short links in eccentrically braced frames.” J. Struct. Eng. 132 (8): 1183–1191. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:8(1183).
Ricles, J. M., and E. P. Popov. 1987. Dynamic analysis of seismically resistant eccentrically braced frames. Berkeley, CA: Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. of California.
Ricles, J. M., and E. P. Popov. 1989. “Composite action in eccentrically braced steel frames.” J. Struct. Eng. 115 (8): 2046–2066. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1989)115:8(2046).
Ricles, J. M., R. Sause, M. M. Garlock, and C. Zhao. 2001. “Posttensioned seismic-resistant connections for steel frames.” J. Struct. Eng. 127 (2): 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:2(113).
Ricles, J. M., R. Sause, S. Peng, and L. Lu. 2002. “Experimental evaluation of earthquake resistant posttensioned steel connections.” J. Struct. Eng. 128 (7): 850–859. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:7(850).
Roeder, C. W., and E. P. Popov. 1978. “Eccentrically braced steel frames for earthquakes.” J. Struct. Div. 104 (3): 391–412.
Rojas, P., J. Ricles, and R. Sause. 2005. “Seismic performance of post-tensioned steel moment resisting frames with friction devices.” J. Struct. Eng. 131 (4): 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:4(529).
Roke, D. A. 2010. “Damage-free seismic-resistant self-centering concentrically-braced frame.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh Univ.
Speicher, M. S., R. DesRoches, and R. T. Leon. 2011. “Experimental results of a NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA)-based recentering beam-column connection.” Eng. Struct. 33 (9): 2448–2457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.04.018.
Tsai, K. C., C. C. Chou, C. L. Lin, P. C. Chen, and S. J. Jhang. 2008. “Seismic self-centering steel beam-to-column moment connections using bolted friction devices.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 37 (4): 627–645. https://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9845.
Tsai, K. C., Y. F. Yang, and J. L. Lin. 1993. “Seismic eccentrically braced frames.” Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build. 2 (1): 53–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1794.
Wang, W., T. M. Chan, and H. L. Shao. 2015a. “Seismic performance of beam-column joints with SMA tendons strengthened by steel angles.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 109 (Jun): 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.02.011.
Wang, W., T. M. Chan, H. L. Shao, and Y. Y. Chen. 2015b. “Cyclic behavior of connections equipped with NiTi shape memory alloy and steel tendons between H-shaped beam to CHS column.” Eng. Struct. 88 (Apr): 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.01.028.
Wolski, M., J. M. Ricles, and R. Sause. 2009. “Experimental study of a self-centering beam-column connection with bottom flange friction device.” J. Struct. Eng. 135 (5): 479–488. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000006.
Xu, X., Y. Zhang, and Y. Luo. 2016. “Self-centering modularized link beams with post-tensioned shape memory alloy rods.” Eng. Struct. 112 (Apr): 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.01.006.
Zhu, S., and Y. Zhang. 2008. “Seismic analysis of concentrically braced frame systems with self-centering friction damping braces.” J. Struct. Eng. 134 (1): 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:1(121).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 145 • Issue 1 • January 2019
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 6, 2018
Accepted: Jun 28, 2018
Published online: Oct 30, 2018
Published in print: Jan 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Mar 30, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.