Equivalent Static Wind Loads on Single-Layer Cylindrical Steel Shells
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 144, Issue 7
Abstract
Wind tunnel tests were carried out in an open terrain to measure the wind pressure on six cylindrical roofs with the rise-span ratios of 1/4, 1/6, and 1/8 and length-span ratios of 1 and 2. Using the measured wind pressures on the roof, a parametric study using numerical simulation with finite-element (FE) models was conducted to investigate the effects of the structural span, rise-span ratio, length-span ratio, roof distributed mass, and mean wind velocity on the wind-induced response and equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs) of 432 single-layer cylindrical steel shells with supports along four edges. The results demonstrated that the wind directions of 0 and 45° were unfavorable in the view of the wind-induced response; the first several vibration modes made the most important contribution to the wind-induced response; and the background response was larger than the resonant response for most cases. In the balance of precision and simplicity of the parametric analysis for convenient application, the universal ESWLs realizing the equivalence of multiple peak response were expressed by two dominating vibration modes simplified as sine functions. With this method and parametric analysis, the pressure coefficients of the ESWLs were proposed as a function of reduced frequency for engineering applications.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work in this paper was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51378059), the Beijing Nova Program (Grant No. Z151100000315051), and the 111 Project of China (Grant No. B13002). The authors are also grateful to Mr. Weihua Cheng from Beijing Jiaotong University for his contribution toward the paper.
References
AIJ (Architectural Institution of Japan). 2004. Recommendations for loads on buildings. Tokyo: Architectural Institution of Japan.
Alrawashdeh, H., and T. Stathopoulos. 2015. “Wind pressures on large roofs of low buildings and wind codes and standards.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 147: 212–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.09.014.
ASCE. 2010. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. ASCE 7-10. New York: ASCE.
Blaise, N., and V. Denoel. 2013. “Principal static wind loads.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 113: 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.12.009.
Chen, B., Y. Wu, and S. Z. Shen. 2006. “A new method for wind-induced response analysis of long span roofs.” Int. J. Space Struct. 21 (2): 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1260/026635106778494354.
Chen, B., Q. Yang, and Y. Wu. 2012. “Wind-induced response and equivalent static wind loads of long span roofs.” Adv. Struct. Eng. 15 (7): 1099–1114. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.15.7.1099.
Chen, X., and A. Kareem. 2004. “Equivalent static wind loads on buildings: new model.” J. Struct. Eng. 130 (10): 1425–1435.
Davenport, A. G. 1967. “Gust loading factors.” J. Struct. Div. 93 (ST3): 11–34.
Dong, X., and J. Ye. 2012. “The point and area-averaged wind pressure influenced by conical vortices on saddle roofs.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 101: 67–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2011.12.001.
Holmes, J. D. 2002. “Effective static load distributions in wind engineering.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 90 (2): 91–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(01)00164-7.
Kasperski, M., and H. J. Niemann. 1992. “The LRC (load-response correlation) method: A general method of estimating unfavorable wind load distributions for linear and nonlinear structural behavior.” J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 43 (1–3): 1753–1763. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90588-2.
Katsumura, A., Y. Tamura, and O. Nakamura. 2007. “Universal wind load distribution simultaneously reproducing largest load effects in all subject members on large-span cantilevered roof.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 95 (9): 1145–1165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2007.01.020.
Li, Y. Q., Y. Tamura, A. Yoshida, A. Katsumura, and K. Cho. 2006. “Wind loading and its effects on single-layer reticulated cylindrical shells.” J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 94 (12): 949–973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2006.04.004.
Nakayama, M., Y. Sasaki, K. Masuda, and T. Ogawa. 1998. “An efficient method for selection of vibration modes contributory to wind response on dome-like roofs.” J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 73 (1): 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(97)00277-8.
Ozmen, Y., E. Baydar, and J. P. A. J. Van Beeck. 2016. “Wind flow over the low-rise building models with gabled roofs having different pitch angles.” Build. Environ. 95: 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.09.014.
Shen, S. Z., and X. Chen 1999. Stability of the shells. [In Chinese.] Beijing: Science Press.
Uematsu, Y., and M. Yamada. 2002. “Wind-induced dynamic response and its load estimation for structural frames of circular flat roofs with long spans.” Wind Struct. 5 (1): 49–60. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2002.5.1.049.
Yoshida, A., Y. Tamura, and T. Kurita. 2001. “Effects of bends in a tubing system for pressure measurement.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 89 (14–15): 1701–1716. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(01)00154-4.
Zhou, X., M. Gu, and G. Li. 2014. “Constrained least-squares method for computing equivalent static wind loads of large-span roofs.” Adv. Struct. Eng. 17 (10): 1497–1515. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.17.10.1497.
Zhou, Y., A. Kareem, and M. Gu. 2000. “Equivalent static buffeting wind loads on structures.” J. Struct. Eng. 126 (8): 989–992. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:8(989).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 144 • Issue 7 • July 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 7, 2017
Accepted: Dec 19, 2017
Published online: Apr 28, 2018
Published in print: Jul 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Sep 28, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.