Reflection Coefficients and Reflected Scaled Impulses from Detonations of High Explosives as a Function of Angle of Incidence
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 7
Abstract
Incident and reflected peak overpressures and reflected impulses are often used to compute blast loads on structures, components of structures, and objects. Reflection coefficients are used to transform incident to reflected peak overpressures for varying angles of incidence. Values for the reflection coefficient are available in textbooks and technical manuals but vary by document, especially in the Mach reflection region. Results of computational fluid dynamics analyses are presented to resolve differences among these documents and compute reflected scaled impulses. Recommendations are made for design practice.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The financial support for the studies described herein was provided in part by MCEER (www.mceer.buffalo.edu) under Thrust Area 3, Innovative Technologies, through a grant from the State of New York. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this paper are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of MCEER, the State of New York, or Arup.
References
ASCE. (2011). “Blast protection of buildings.”, Reston, VA.
Autodyn 14.0 [Computer software]. ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA.
Biggs, J. M. (1964). Introduction to structural dynamics, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Bogosian, D., Ferritto, J., and Shi, Y. (2002). “Measuring uncertainty and conservatism in simplified blast models.” Proc., 30th Explosives Safety Seminar, Dept. of Defense Explosive Safety Board, Atlanta.
Brouillette, M. (2002). “The Richtmyer-Meshkov instability.” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 34, 445–468.
Cormie, D., Mays, G., and Smith, P. (2009). Blast effects on buildings, 2nd Ed., Thomas Telford, London.
Courant, R., and Friedrichs, K. O. (1948). Supersonic flow and shock waves, Interscience Publishers, New York.
Department of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. (1990). “Structures to resist the effects of accidental explosions (with Addenda).” Army Technical Manual (TM 5-1300), Navy Publication, Washington, DC.
DOA (Department of the Army). (1984). “Designing facilities to resist nuclear weapons effects: Structures.” Army Technical Manual (TM 5-858-3), Headquarters, Washington, DC.
Dobratz, B. M., and Crawford, P. C. (1985). “LLNL explosives handbook, properties of chemical explosives and explosive simulants.”, Change 2, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA.
DOD (Department of Defense). (2008). “Unified facilities criteria (UFC): Structures to resist the effects of accidental explosions.”, U.S. Dept. of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, Washington, DC.
Dusenberry, D. O. (2010). Handbook for blast-resistant design of buildings, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
Godunov, S. K. (1959). “A difference scheme for numerical solution of discontinuous solution of hydrodynamic equations.” Matematicheskii Sbornik, 89(3), 271–306.
Hyde, D. W. (1992). “ConWep: Conventional weapons effects (Application of TM 5-855-1).” U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS.
Kingery, C. N., and Bulmash, G. (1984). “Airblast parameters from TNT spherical air burst and hemispherical surface burst.”, U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.
Kinney, G. F. (1962). Explosive shocks in air, Macmillan, New York.
Kinney, G. F., and Graham, K. J. (1985). Explosive shocks in air, 2nd Ed., Springer, New York.
Lee, H. G., Kim, K., and Kim, J. (2011). “On the long time simulation of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 85(13), 1633–1647.
Needham, C. E. (2010). Blast waves, Springer, New York.
Schwer, D. (2008). “Regular and Mach reflections to Mach 18 with air and TNT detonation products.”, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC.
Shin, J., Whittaker, A., and Cormie, D. (2015). “Incident and normally reflected overpressure and impulse for detonations of spherical high explosives in free air.” J. Struct. Eng., 141(12), .
Shin, J., Whittaker, A. S., Aref, A. J., and Cormie, D. (2014a). “Air blast effects on civil structures.”, State Univ. at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
Shin, J., Whittaker, A. S., Cormie, D., and Wilkinson, W. (2014b). “Numerical modeling of close-in detonations of high explosives.” Eng. Struct., 81, 88–97.
Smith, P. D., and Hetherington, J. G. (1994). Blast and ballistic loading of structures, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, U.K.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 143 • Issue 7 • July 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 12, 2015
Accepted: Dec 5, 2016
Published online: Mar 2, 2017
Published in print: Jul 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Aug 2, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.