Cyclic Stress–Strain Behavior of Concrete Confined with NiTiNb-Shape Memory Alloy Spirals
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 5
Abstract
Recent studies showed that concrete confinement using shape memory alloy (SMA) spirals is a promising technique for seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete columns that lack flexural ductility. This technique is applied by wrapping prestrained SMA wires around concrete columns and activating the confining pressure by heating the wires. This study is the first step toward understanding the behavior of NiTiNb-SMA–confined concrete both experimentally and analytically. The paper aims at investigating the cyclic behavior of NiTiNb-SMA–confined concrete, and using the test results to develop an empirical stress–strain model for NiTiNb-SMA–confined concrete. A series of uniaxial cyclic tests are performed on NiTiNb-SMA–confined concrete cylinders having different concrete strengths, confining pressures, and loading protocols. The test results show that the effectiveness of NiTiNb-SMA confinement on strength and ductility enhancement increases as active confining pressure increases; and in the studied range of normal strength concrete, the residual stress is independent of concrete strength. The study also proposes empirical equations to predict stress–strain behavior of NiTiNb-SMA–confined concrete, including the peak stress, residual stress, and ultimate stress and strain of SMA-confined concrete.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support provided for this research from the National Science Foundation through its Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) program under Award No. 1055640.
References
Andrawes, B., and Shin, M. (2008). “Seismic retrofitting of bridge columns using shape memory alloys.” 15th Int. Symp. on Smart Structures and Materials and Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, International Society for Optics and Photonics, Bellingham, WA.
Bahn, B. Y., and Hsu, C. T. T. (1998). “Stress-strain behavior of concrete under cyclic loading.” ACI Mater. J., 95(2), 178–193.
Bing, L., Park, R., and Tanaka, H. (2001). “Stress-strain behavior of high-strength concrete confined by ultra-high- and normal-strength transverse reinforcements.” ACI Struct. J., 98(3), 395–406.
Candappa, D. C., Sanjayan, J. G., and Setunge, S. (2001). “Complete triaxial stress-strain curves of high-strength concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 209–215.
Chang, G. A., and Mander, J. B. (1994). “Seismic energy based fatigue damage analysis of bridge columns. Part I—Evaluation of seismic capacity.”, Dept. of Civil Engineering, State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, New York.
Chen, Q., Shin, M., and Andrawes, B. (2014). “Experimental study of non-circular concrete elements actively confined with shape memory alloy wires.” Constr. Build. Mater., 61, 303–311.
Cheong, H., and Perry, S. (1991). “Concrete columns with lateral prestressing.” J. Eng. Mech., 70–87.
Choi, E., Chung, Y., Kim, Y., and Kim, J. (2011). “Monotonic and cyclic bond behavior of confined concrete using NiTiNb SMA wires.” Smart Mater. Struct., 20(7), .
Destrebecq, J., and Balandraud, X. (2010). “Interaction between concrete cylinders and shape-memory wires in the achievement of active confinement.” Materials with complex behaviour: Modelling, simulation, testing, and applications, Vol. 3, Springer, Berlin, 19–34.
Dommer, K., and Andrawes, B. (2012). “Thermomechanical characterization of NiTiNb shape memory alloy for concrete active confinement applications.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 1274–1282.
Elwi, A. A., and Murray, D. W. (1979). “A 3D hypoelastic concrete constitutive relationship.” J. Eng. Mech. Div., 105(4), 623–641.
Harries, K. A., and Kharel, G. (2002). “Behavior and modeling of concrete subject to variable confining pressure.” ACI Mater. J., 99(2), 180–189.
Imran, I., and Pantazopoulou, S. J. (1996). “Experimental study of plain concrete under triaxial stress.” ACI Mater. J., 93(6), 589–601.
Jiang, T., and Teng, J. G. (2007). “Analysis-oriented stress-strain models for FRP-confined concrete.” Eng. Struct., 29(11), 2968–2986.
Krstulovic-Opara, N., and Thiedeman, P. D. (2000). “Active confinement of concrete members with self-stressing composites.” ACI Mater. J., 97(3), 297–308.
Lam, L., and Teng, J. G. (2004). “Ultimate condition of fiber reinforced polymer-confined concrete.” J. Compos. Constr., 539–548.
Mander, J. B., Priestley, M. J. N., and Park, R. (1988a). “Observed stress-strain behavior of confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 1827–1849.
Mander, J. B., Priestley, M. J. N., and Park, R. (1988b). “Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 1804–1826.
Mirmiran, A., and Shahawy, M. (1997). “Dilation characteristics of confined concrete.” Mech. Cohes. Frict. Mat., 2(3), 237–249.
Miyagi, T., Yamakawa, T., Li, W., and Rahman, M. (2004). “A study of emergency retrofit using prestressing bars and steel plates for damaged columns.” Proc., 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canada.
Moghaddam, H., Samadi, M., Pilakoutas, K., and Mohebbi, S. (2010). “Axial compressive behavior of concrete actively confined by metal strips. Part A: Experimental study.” Mater. Struct., 43(10), 1369–1381.
Nakada, K., and Yamakawa, T. (2008). “Axial compression tests of RC columns confined by aramid fiber belt prestressing.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, International Institute for FRP in Construction, Kingston, Canada.
Park, J., Choi, E., Park, K., and Kim, H. (2011). “Comparing the cyclic behavior of concrete cylinders confined by shape memory alloy wire or steel jackets.” Smart Mater. Struct., 20(9), .
Popovics, S. (1973). “Numerical approach to the complete stress-strain relation for concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 3(5), 583–599.
Priestley, M. J. N., Seible, F., Xiao, Y., and Verma, R. (1994a). “Steel jacket retrofitting of reinforced concrete bridge columns for enhanced shear strength—Part 1: Theoretical considerations and test design.” ACI Struct. J., 91(4), 394–405.
Priestley, M. J. N., Seible, F., Xiao, Y., and Verma, R. (1994b). “Steel jacket retrofitting of reinforced concrete bridge columns for enhanced shear strength—Part 2: Test results and comparison with theory.” ACI Struct. J., 91(5), 537–551.
Richart, F. E., Brandtzaeg, A., and Brown, R. L. (1928). “A study of the failure of concrete under combined compressive stresses.”, Engineering Experiment Station, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
Saatcioglu, M., and Yalcin, C. (2003). “External prestressing concrete columns for improved seismic shear resistance.” J. Struct. Eng., 1057–1070.
Sheikh, S. A., and Uzumeri, S. M. (1982). “Analytical model for concrete confinement in tied columns.” J. Struct. Div., 108(12), 2703–2722.
Shin, M., and Andrawes, B. (2010). “Experimental investigation of actively confined concrete using shape memory alloys.” J. Eng. Struct., 32(3), 656–664.
Shin, M., and Andrawes, B. (2011). “Lateral cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete columns retrofitted with shape memory spirals and FRP wraps.” J. Struct. Eng., 1282–1290.
Tsai, W. (1988). “Uniaxial compressional stress-strain relation of concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 2133–2136.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 18, 2015
Accepted: Oct 18, 2016
Published online: Jan 27, 2017
Published in print: May 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Jun 27, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.