Cyclic Behavior of Lap Splices Strengthened with Ultrahigh Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 2
Abstract
The cyclic behavior of six full-scale reinforced concrete (RC) beams with a deficient lap splice strengthened with ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is experimentally investigated. The experimental program is based on the findings of previous test series carried out in the same research program that demonstrated the ability of UHPFRC to eliminate bond failure in deficient lap splices of beams and wall-type bridge columns. The objective of this experimental work is to determine the efficiency of this strengthening technique on wide flexural elements (beams, slabs, walls, or wall columns) subjected to reverse cyclic loading. Specimen reinforcement consists of two pairs of deformed bars spliced at midspan on both tension and compression faces. The strengthening technique consists of replacing normal concrete around lapped bars in the splice region by UHPFRC, which allows for keeping the original member geometry. One type of fiber, three fiber contents, two bar diameters, and two bar arrangements are considered. For isolating the UHPFRC contribution, the splice regions are free of any confinement. The beam specimens are tested at four points, bending with a constant-moment region along the splice length. The result indicates that UHPFRC with a fiber content of 2 or 3% can significantly increase the bond strength of splice bars without confinement. The levels of ductility reached for the highest fiber content meet the requirements for high ductility demand, such as in seismic design. The results demonstrate that an appropriate casting method combined with a self-compacting UHPFRC with an appropriate fiber content ensure the efficiency of the strengthening technique for providing for the continuity of lapped bars and for enabling a high ductility capacity under monotonic or cyclic loading. The results also confirm the applicability of the method for strengthening lap-spliced regions of wide elements—such as slabs, shear walls, and wall-bridge piers—without having to provide any confinement.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The research project was financially supported by the Quebec Ministry of Transportation and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), through the Canadian Seismic Research Network (CSRN) and the Discovery Grant programs. Some materials were graciously provided by Bekaert and Euclid. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the technical personnel of Polytechnique Montreal Hydro-Quebec Structures Laboratory.
References
Bournas, D. A., and Triantafillou, T. C. (2011). “Bond strength of lap-spliced in concrete confined with composite jackets.” J. Compos. Constr., 156–167.
Cairns, J., and Abdullah, R. (1996). “Bond strength of black and epoxy-coated reinforcement—A theoretical approach.” ACI Mater. J., 93(4), 362–369.
Chao, S.-H., Naaman, A. E., and Parra-Montesinos, G. J. (2009). “Bond behavior of reinforcing bars in tensile strain-hardening fiber-reinforced cement composites.” ACI Struct. J., 106(6), 897–906.
Dagenais, M. A., and Massicotte, B. (2015). “Tension lap splices strengthened with ultrahigh performance fiber-reinforced concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 04014206.
ElGawady, M., Endeshaw, M., McLean, D., and Sack, R. (2010). “Retrofitting of rectangular columns with deficient lap splices.” J. Compos. Constr., 22–35.
Graybeal, B. (2014). “Design and construction of field-cast UHPC connections.”, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
Habel, K., Charron, J.-P., Braike, S., Hooton, R. D., Gauvreau, P., and Massicotte, B. (2008). “Ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete mix design in central Canada.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 35(2), 217–224.
Harajli, M. (2009). “Bond strengthening of lap spliced reinforced using external FRP jackets: An effective technique for seismic retrofit of rectangular or circular RC columns.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(3), 1265–1278.
Lagier, F., Massicotte, B., and Charron, J. P. (2012). “Bond splitting of lap splice embedded in ultra high fiber reinforced concrete under direct tension.” Proc., 4th Int. Symp.: Bond in Concrete 2012: Bond, Anchorage, Detailing. General Aspects of Bonds.
Lagier, F., Massicotte, B., and Charron, J.-P. (2015). “Bond strength of tension lap splice specimens in UHPFRC.” J. Constr. Build. Mater., 93, 84–94.
Lagier, F., Massicotte, B., and Charron, J.-P. (2016). “3D nonlinear finite element modeling of lap splices in UHPFRC.” J. Struct. Eng., 04016087.
Massicotte, B., and Boucher-Proulx, G. (2008). “Seismic retrofitting of rectangular bridge piers with UHPFRC jackets.” Proc., BEFIB 2008: 7th Rilem Int. Symp. on Fibre Reinforced Concrete, PRO 60, RILEM Publications SARL, France, 969–975.
Mitchell, D., DeVall, R. H., Saatcioglu, M., Simpson, R., Tinawi, R., and Tremblay, R. (1995). “Damage to concrete structures due to the 1994 Northridge earthquake.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 22(2), 361–377.
Mitchell, D., Sexsmith, R., and Tinawi, R. (1994). “Seismic retrofitting techniques for bridges—A state-of-the-art report.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 21(5), 823–835.
Paterson, J., and Mitchell, D. (2003). “Seismic retrofit of shear walls with headed bars and carbon fiber wrap.” J. Struct. Eng., 606–614.
Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F. (1995). “Design of seismic retrofit measures for concrete and masonry structures.” Constr. Build. Mater., 9(6), 365–377.
Priestley, M. J. N., Seible, F., and Calvi, G. M. (1996). Seismic design and retrofit of bridges, Wiley, New York.
Priestley, M. J. N., Seible, F., and Chai, Y. H. (1992). “Seismic retrofit of bridge columns using steel jackets.” Proc., Earthquake Engineering, Tenth World Conf., Balkema, Rotterdam, 5285–5290.
Rossi, P. (2001). “Ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete, a French perspective on approaches used to produce high-strength, ductile fiber-reinforced concrete.” Concr. Int., 46–52.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 20, 2016
Accepted: Jul 15, 2016
Published online: Aug 31, 2016
Discussion open until: Jan 31, 2017
Published in print: Feb 1, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.