Shake-Table Tests of a Full-Scale Two-Story Shear-Dominated Reinforced Masonry Wall Structure
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 142, Issue 10
Abstract
This paper presents the shake-table tests of a full-scale, two-story, reinforced masonry shear-wall structure designed by a displacement-based method. The test structure had two T-sectioned and one rectangular-sectioned wall components along the direction of the table motion, and four rectangular-sectioned wall components in the orthogonal direction. The structure was subjected to a series of dynamic tests with a historical ground motion record scaled to intensity levels up to that of the maximum considered earthquake (MCE). The structure formed a soft-story mechanism during the last test. The recorded displacements were within the target limits for the design earthquake-level table motion, but exceeded the target limits for the MCE level. Although the structure experienced severe damage and incurred diagonal cracking in wall components with low aspect ratios, it did not collapse. The comparison of the analysis results to the test results shows that the walls in the orthogonal direction had a significant contribution to the lateral load resistance of the structure as they exerted axial compression through the horizontal diaphragms and lintels on the wall components parallel to the loading direction when the latter rocked. For this structure, the conventional force-based design method could result in unsatisfactory performance.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by a NIST ARRA Measurement Science and Engineering Grant awarded to the University of California at San Diego under Award No. 60NANB10D013. The shake-table tests were conducted with the support of the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation Program of NSF. The test structure was constructed with masonry units contributed by RCP Block and Brick. The first author would also like to acknowledge a Graduate Fellowship from UC San Diego, which partially supported his graduate studies. The technical assistance and support of the staff at the Englekirk Structural Engineering Center of UC San Diego in the shake-table tests is greatly appreciated. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the sponsors.
References
Abrams, D., and Paulson, T. (1991). “Modeling earthquake response of concrete masonry building structures.” ACI Struct. J., 88(4), 475–485.
Ahmadi, F. (2012). “Displacement-based seismic design and tools for reinforced masonry.” Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
Ahmadi, F., Mavros, M., Klingner, R., Shing, P., and McLean, D. (2013a). “Displacement-based seismic design for reinforced masonry shear-wall structures—Part 1: Background and trial application.” Earthquake Spectra, 31(2), 969–998.
Ahmadi, F., Mavros, M., Klingner, R. E., Shing, P. B., and McLean, D. (2013b). “Displacement-based seismic design for reinforced masonry shear-wall structures—Part 2: Validation with shake-table tests.” Earthquake Spectra, 31(2), 999–1019.
ASCE. (2010). “Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures.” ASCE 7-10, Reston, VA.
ASTM. (2015a). “Standard specification for deformed and plain carbon-steel bars for concrete reinforcement.” ASTM A615/A615M-15AE1, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2015b). “Standard specification for loadbearing concrete masonry units.” ASTM C90-15, West Conshohocken, PA.
Cohen, G. (2001). “Seismic response of low-rise masonry buildings with flexible roof diaphragms.” M.S. thesis, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
Leiva, G., and Klingner, R. (1991). “In-plane seismic resistance of two-story concrete masonry shear walls with openings.” United States-Japan Coordinated Program for Masonry Building Research, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
Massone, L., and Wallace, J. (2004). “Load-deformation responses of slender reinforced concrete walls.” ACI Struct. J., 101(1), 103–113.
MSJC (Masonry Standards Joint Committee). (2008). “Building code requirements for masonry structures.” TMS 402-08/ACI 530-08/ASCE 5-08, The Masonry Society, Boulder, CO.
MSJC (Masonry Standards Joint Committee). (2013). “Building code requirements for masonry structures (TMS 402-13/ACI 530-13/ASCE 5-13) specification for masonry structures (TMS 602-13/ACI 530.1-13/ASCE 6-13) and companion commentaries.” The Masonry Society, Boulder, CO.
Priestley, M. J., Calvi, G. M., and Kowalsky, M. J. (2007). Displacement-based seismic design of structures, IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy, 721.
Seible, F., Hegemier, A., and Kingsley, G. (1994a). “Simulated seismic-load tests on full-scale five-story masonry building.” J. Struct. Eng., 120(3), 903–924.
Seible, F., Priestley, N., Kingsley, G., and Kurkchubashe, A. (1994b). “Seismic response of full-scale five-story reinforced masonry building.” J. Struct. Eng., 120(3), 925–947.
Shing, P. B., Noland, J. L., Klamerus, E., and Spaeh, H. (1989). “Inelastic behavior of concrete masonry shear walls.” J. Struct. Eng., 115(9), 2204–2225.
Stavridis, A., Ahmadi, F., Mavros, M., Shing, P. B., Klingner, R., and McLean, D. (2016). “Shake-table tests of a full-scale three-story reinforced masonry shear wall structure.” J. Struct. Eng., 04016074.
Voon, K. C., and Ingham, J. M. (2006). “Experimental in-plane shear strength investigation of reinforced concrete masonry walls.” J. Struct. Eng., 132(3), 400–408.
Wight, G. D., Kowalsky, M. J., and Ingham, J. M. (2007). “Shake table testing of posttensioned concrete masonry walls with openings.” J. Struct. Eng., 133(11), 1551–1559.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 142 • Issue 10 • October 2016
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 4, 2015
Accepted: Feb 2, 2016
Published online: May 3, 2016
Published in print: Oct 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Oct 3, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.