Equivalent Viscous Damping of Bilinear Hysteretic Oscillators
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 141, Issue 11
Abstract
An improved formula to determine the equivalent viscous damping ratio of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) bilinear oscillator is proposed in this paper, which simultaneously considers the influence of the initial period, ductility ratio, and strain hardening ratio. A large number of parameters are considered in order to present comprehensive results. Based on the assumption of secant stiffness, several equivalent linearization approaches are evaluated through parametric analyses. Then, optimization analyses are performed using a genetic algorithm to identify the variation trend of optimal damping ratios. A new formula of an equivalent viscous damping ratio is proposed by nonlinear regression analyses of the optimal damping ratios. Finally, the proposed approach is validated and the results show that the proposed approach leads to better estimates of maximum inelastic displacement response in the entire parameter space considered in this study when compared with other equivalent linearization approaches.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ASCE. (2005). “Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures.” ASCE/SEI 7-05, Reston, VA.
Blandon, C. A., and Priestley, M. J. N. (2005). “Equivalent viscous damping equations for direct displacement based design.” J. Earthquake Eng., 9(sup2), 257–278.
Cardone, D., Dolce, M., and Palermo, G. (2009). “Direct displacement-based design of seismically isolated bridges.” Bull. Earthquake Eng., 7(2), 391–410.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). (2004). “Eurocode 8: Design provisions for earthquake resistance of structures. Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings.” Brussels, Belgium.
Dicleli, M., and Buddaram, S. (2007). “Comprehensive evaluation of equivalent linear analysis method for seismic-isolated structures represented by SDOF systems.” J. Eng. Struct., 29(8), 1653–1663.
Dwairi, H. M. (2004). “Equivalent damping in support of direct displacement-based design with applications to multi-span bridges.” Ph.D. dissertation, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC.
Dwairi, H. M., and Kowalsky, M. J. (2004). “Investigation of Jacobsen’s equivalent viscous damping approach as applied to displacement-based seismic design.” Proc., 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa.
Dwairi, H. M., Kowalsky, M. J., and Nau, J. M. (2007). “Equivalent damping in support of direct displacement-based design.” J. Earthquake Eng., 11(4), 512–530.
Giaralis, A., and Spanos, P. D. (2010). “Effective linear damping and stiffness coefficients of nonlinear systems for design spectrum based analysis.” J. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 30(9), 798–810.
Gulkan, P., and Sozen, M. A. (1974). “Inelastic responses of reinforced concrete structure to earthquake motions.” ACI J., 71(12), 604–610.
Guyader, A. C., and Iwan, W. D. (2004). “An improved capacity spectrum method employing statistically optimized linearization parameters.” Proc., 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa.
Hwang, J. S., and Chiou, J. M. (1996). “An equivalent linear model of lead-rubber seismic isolation bearings.” J. Eng. Struct., 18(7), 528–536.
Hwang, J. S., and Sheng, L. H. (1993). “Effective stiffness and equivalent damping of base isolated bridges.” J. Struct. Eng., 3094–3101.
ICBO (International Conference of Building Officials). (1997). “UBC: Earthquake regulations for seismic isolated structures.” Uniform Building Code, Whittier, CA.
Iwan, W. D. (1980). “Estimating inelastic response spectra from elastic spectra.” J. Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 8(4), 375–388.
Iwan, W. D., and Gates, N. C. (1979). “Estimating earthquake response of simple hysteretic structures.” J. Eng. Mech. Div., 105(3), 391–405.
Jacobsen, L. S. (1930). “Steady forced vibrations as influenced by damping.” ASME Trans., 52(1), 169–181.
Jara, M., and Casas, J. R. (2006). “A direct displacement-based method for the seismic design of design of bridges on bilinear isolation devices.” J. Eng. Struct., 28(6), 869–879.
Jara, M., Jara, J. M., Olmos, B. A., and Casas, J. R. (2012). “Improved procedure for equivalent linearization of bridges supported on hysteretic isolators.” J. Eng. Struct., 35, 99–106.
Kawashima, K. (1992). “Manual for Menshin design of highway bridges.” Japanese Public Works Research Institute (JPWRI), Tsukuba, Japan.
Kowalsky, M. J. (1994). “Displacement based design: A methodology for seismic design applied to RC bridge columns.” Master’s thesis, Univ. of California, San Diego.
Kowalsky, M. J., and Ayers, J. P. (2001). “Investigation of equivalent viscous damping for direct displacement-based design.” Proc., 3rd US-Japan Workshop on Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering Methodology for Reinforced Concrete Building Structures, Univ. of California, Washington, DC, 173–185.
Kwan, W. P., and Billington, S. L. (2003). “Influence of hysteretic behavior on equivalent period and damping of structural systems.” J. Struct. Eng., 576–585.
Levy, R., Rutenberg, A., and Qadi, K. (2006). “Equivalent linearization applied to earthquake excitations and the R–μ–T0 relationships.” J. Eng. Struct., 28(2), 216–228.
Lin, Y. Y., Tsai, M. H., Hwang, J. S., and Chang, K. C. (2003). “Direct displacement-based design for building with passive energy dissipation systems.” J. Eng. Struct., 25(1), 25–37.
Liu, T., Zordan, T., Briseghella, B., and Zhang, Q. (2014a). “An improved equivalent linear model of seismic isolation system with bilinear behavior.” J. Eng. Struct., 61, 113–126.
Liu, T., Zordan, T., Briseghella, B., and Zhang, Q. (2014b). “Evaluation of equivalent linearization analysis methods for seismically isolated buildings characterized by SDOF systems.” J. Eng. Struct., 59, 619–634.
Makris, N., and Kampas, G. (2013). “Estimating the ‘effective period’ of bilinear systems with linearization methods, wavelet and time-domain analyses: From inelastic displacements to modal identification.” J. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 45, 80–88.
MATLAB 7.8.0.347 [Computer software]. MathWorks, Natick, MA.
Mazzoni, S., McKenna, F., Scott, M. H., and Fenves, G. L. (2007). “OpenSees command language manual.” Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA.
Miranda, E., and Ruiz-Garcia, J. (2002). “Evaluation of the approximate methods to estimate maximum inelastic displacement demands.” J. Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(3), 539–560.
NTC (New Technical Code for Constructions). (2008). “Nuove Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni.” Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana, Rome (in Italian).
Priestley, M. J. N., and Calvi, G. M. (1997). “Concepts and procedures for direct displacement-based design and assessment.” Seismic design methodologies for the next generation of codes, P. Fajfar and H. Krawinkler, eds., A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 171–182.
Priestley, M. J. N., Calvi, G. M., and Kowalsky, M. J. (2007). “Direct displacement-based seismic design of structures.” Proc., NZSEE Conf., New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, Wellington, New Zealand.
Rosenblueth, E., and Herrera, I. (1964). “On a kind of hysteretic damping.” J. Eng. Mech. Div., 90(4), 37–48.
Shibata, A., and Sozen, M. A. (1976). “Substitute-structure method for seismic design in R/C.” J. Struct. Div., 102(1), 1–18.
Spanos, P. D., and Giaralis, A. (2013). “Third-order statistical linearization-based approach to derive equivalent linear properties of bilinear hysteretic systems for seismic response spectrum analysis.” J. Struct. Saf., 44, 59–69.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 14, 2014
Accepted: Jan 6, 2015
Published online: Feb 13, 2015
Discussion open until: Jul 13, 2015
Published in print: Nov 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.