Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Recycled Concrete Coarse Aggregates
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 141, Issue 3
Abstract
This paper investigates the flexural and shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams that use recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) as replacement for coarse natural aggregates (e.g., crushed stone, gravel). The experimental results from 12 twin pairs of normal strength concrete beam specimens are presented and compared with predictions from existing code methods and analytical models for conventional concrete. Each pair of beams is saw-cut from a single, longer member to investigate the inherent variability in the results, specifically focusing on locally available recycled materials with minimal processing and construction methods that are consistent with current U.S. practice. It is found that the use of RCA does not cause an observable change in the progression of nonlinear behavior and failure. The effect of RCA on the flexural and shear strength of the beams is also small; however, there is a considerable reduction in the initial stiffness and an increase in the ultimate flexural deflections as the amount of RCA is increased. In general, the predicted results are reasonably close to the measured trends, indicating that existing analytical models and code-based procedures for conventional concrete can also be applied to RCA concrete beams.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Danny Atkinson of Concrete Recycling Center, South Bend, Indiana, and Mark Zeltwanger of American Mobile Aggregate Crushing, Nappanee, Indiana, for their help in acquiring the RCA. Additional materials were provided by Buzzi Unicem, Sika Corporation, and Transit Mix South Bend. The authors also acknowledge Dave Schelling of the LaPorte district INDOT office for his help in conducting the L.A. Abrasion testing. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and/or recommendations in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the individuals or organizations acknowledged.
References
Abbas, A., Fathifazl, G., Isgor, O. B., Razaqpur, A. G., Fournier, B., and Foo, S. (2008). “Proposed method for determining the residual mortar content of recycled concrete aggregates.” J. ASTM Int., 5(1), 1–12.
Ajdukiewicz, A. B., and Kliszczewicz, A. T. (2007). “Comparative tests of beams and columns made of recycled aggregate concrete and natural aggregate concrete.” J. Adv Concr. Technol., 5(2), 259–273.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (1991). Standard practice for selecting proportions for normal, heavyweight and mass concrete, Farmington Hills, MI.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2011). Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary, Farmington Hills, MI.
ASTM International. (2009). Annual book of ASTM standards, West Conshohocken, PA.
Etxeberria, M., Marí, A. R., and Vázquez, E., (2007). “Recycled aggregate concrete as structural material.” Mater. Struct., 40(5), 529–541.
Fathifazl, G., Razaqpur, A. G., Isgor, O. B., Abbas, A., Fournier, B., and Foo, S. (2009a). “New mixture proportioning method for concrete made with coarse recycled concrete aggregate.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 601–611.
Fathifazl, G., Razaqpur, A. G., Isgor, O. B., Abbas, A., Fournier, B., and Foo, S. (2009b). “Flexural performance of steel-reinforced recycled concrete beams.” ACI Struct. J., 106(6), 858–867.
Fathifazl, G., Razaqpur, A. G., Isgor, O. B., Abbas, A., Fournier, B., and Foo, S. (2009c). “Shear strength of reinforced recycled concrete beams without stirrups.” Mag. Concr. Res., 61(7), 477–490.
Fathifazl, G., Razaqpur, A. G., Isgor, O. B., Abbas, A., Fournier, B., and Foo, S. (2010). “Shear strength of reinforce recycled concrete beams with stirrups.” Mag. Concr. Res., 62(10), 685–699.
Han, B. C., Yun, H. D., and Chung, S. Y. (2001). “Shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams made with recycled-aggregate.”, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 503–516.
Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). (2012). Standard specifications, Indianapolis, IN, 821–827.
Jiang, H., and Kurama, Y. (2010). “Analytical modeling of medium-rise reinforced concrete shear walls.” ACI Struct. J., 107(4), 400–410.
Kent, D. C., and Park, R. (1971). “Flexural members with confined concrete.” J. Struct. Div., 97(7), 1969–1990.
Knaack, A., and Kurama, Y. (2012). “University of Notre Dame RCA concrete research.” Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 〈http://www.nd.edu/∼concrete/RCA-concrete〉.
Knaack, A., and Kurama, Y. (2013a). “Design of concrete mixtures with recycled concrete aggregates,” ACI Mater. J., 110(5), 483–493.
Knaack, A., and Kurama, Y. (2013b). “Sustainable concrete structures using recycled concrete aggregate: Short-term and long-term behavior considering material variability.”, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN.
Li, X. (2009). “Recycling and reuse of waste concrete in China Part II: Structural behavior of recycled aggregate concrete and engineering applications.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 53(3), 107–112.
Malesev, M., Radonjanin, V., and Marinkovic, S. (2010). “Recycled concrete as aggregate for structural concrete production.” Sustainability, 2(5), 1204–1225.
Maruyama, I., Sogo, M., Sogabe, T., Sato, R., and Kawai, K., (2004). “Flexural properties of reinforced recycled concrete beams.” Proc., Int. RILEM Conf. on the Use of Recycled Materials in Building Structures, Bagneux, France, 526–535.
Mukai, T., and Kikuchi, M. (1988). “Properties of reinforced concrete beams containing recycled aggregate.” Proc., 2nd Int. Symp. RILEM Demolition and Reuse of Concrete and Masonry, Chapman & Hall, London, 670–679.
Nishiura, N., Kasamatsu, T., Miyashita, T., and Tanaka, R. (2000). “Experimental study on half-precast beams with recycled aggregate concrete.” Trans. Jpn. Concr. Inst., 22, 353–360.
Popovics, S. (1973). “A numerical approach to the complete stress-strain curve of concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 3(5), 583–599.
Prakash, V., Powell, G., and Campbell, S. (1993). “DRAIN-2DX: Static and dynamic analysis of inelastic plane structures.” Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA. 〈http://nisee.berkeley.edu/elibrary/Software/DRAIN2DXZIP〉.
Sato, R., Maruyama, I., Sogabe, T., and Sogo, M. (2007). “Flexural behavior of reinforced recycled concrete beams.” J. Adv. Concr. Technol., 5(1), 43–61.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 141 • Issue 3 • March 2015
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 8, 2013
Accepted: May 23, 2014
Published online: Jul 8, 2014
Discussion open until: Dec 8, 2014
Published in print: Mar 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.