Tsunami Modeling, Fluid Load Simulation, and Validation Using Geospatial Field Data
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 8
Abstract
This paper presents an integrated, interdisciplinary methodology incorporating multiphysics, multiscale numerical modeling and simulation from tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation to subsequent coupled structural response and associated fluid loads. This novel, cohesive approach performs these simulations across a large spectrum of scales, enabling structural engineers to take full advantage of the detail available in recent advances in tsunami modeling, geospatial data collection, and computational structural mechanics. Extensive seismic networks, geodetic instruments, and water-level stations provide unprecedented data sets, enabling one to model, simulate and reconstruct tsunami events with high fidelity. A number of coordinated, ground-based surveys also collect valuable, time-sensitive quantitative information to improve understanding of structural response to tsunami loading following events. Recently, some of these surveys include high-resolution LIDAR measurements, which provide critical geospatial information to link field observations, topographic mapping, and structural performance to create and validate numerical models, enabling quantification and understanding of structural response and failure modes resulting from tsunami forces. The presented methodology is demonstrated through a case study of a building component which structurally survived the 2011 Tohoku tsunami.
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Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation, National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program, Oregon Department of Transportation and California Department of Transportation. Funding for the survey was provided by the National Science Foundation through NSF Rapid Grants (1138710 and 1138699). We thank Dr. T. Kuwayama for supplying the 20 arc-sec Japan bathymetry data and the Port and Airport Research Institute (PARI), Japan for near-shore wave buoy data. Pablo Duarte Quiroga (formerly of University of Hawaii) assisted in the development of the (DEM) for inundation mapping. Yoshiki Yamazaki of University of Hawaii performed the tsunami inundation simulations. Evon Silvia and Shawn Butcher (Oregon State University), Lyle Carden (Martin & Chock, Inc.), Shinya Tachibana (Saitama University) and several Building Research Institute (BRI) collaborators lead by Yasuo Okuda assisted with the field work. Ian Robertson (University of Hawaii, Manoa) and Gary Chock (Martin & Chock) provided guidance to the field effort. We thank Leica Geosystems and Maptek I-Site for providing software used in this study. We also appreciate the assistance of Asia Air Survey Co. in supplying the mobile LIDAR data used in this project. Finally, we thank the reviewers whose meticulous comments greatly improved this paper.
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Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 8 • August 2014
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© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 14, 2013
Accepted: Sep 6, 2013
Published online: Mar 19, 2014
Published in print: Aug 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Aug 19, 2014
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