Effects of Incident Flows on Wind Loads and Their Combinations on a Low-Rise Building Immersed in a Long Upstream Fetch
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 5
Abstract
The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of incident flows (i.e., variations in terrain roughness) on wind loads and wind load combination effects on a target low-rise building. Three area densities—6, 11, and 25%—were considered, and three boundary-layer flows—a low-turbulent flow, and a grid-generated flow—were simulated. Results show that pressure coefficients for the isolated model differ significantly depending on the incident flows, which is a well-known fact, showing large absolute pressure coefficients for a flow with a larger power-law exponent (or high turbulence intensity). For the target model, which has other buildings in its immediate surroundings, the pressure coefficients seem to be less affected by the various incident flows, showing similar variation trends. The effects of boundary-layer flows on interference factor, zoning interference factor, and interference factor of combination factor, are small. Thus, it is concluded that terrain variations can be used to determine interference factors in other terrains, within the range in which most buildings are placed. However, those factors obtained from the grid-generated flow differ significantly from those from other incident flows.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study was funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, through the Global Center of Excellence Program, 2008–2012. The authors gratefully acknowledge their support.
References
Ahmad, S., and Kumar, K. (2001). “Interference effects on wind loads on low-rise hip roof buildings.” Eng. Struct., 23(12), 1577–1589.
Architectural Institution of Japan (AIJ). (2004). “Recommendations for Loads on Buildings (2004).” AIJ-RLB, Tokyo.
ASCE. (2010). “Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures.”, Reston, VA.
Castro, I. P., and Robins, A. G. (1977). “The flow around a surface-mounted cube in uniform and turbulent streams.” J. Fluid Mech., 79(02), 307–335.
Cook, N. J. (1982). “Towards better estimation of extreme winds.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 9(3), 295–323.
Ho, T. C. E., Surry, D., and Davenport, A. G. (1991). “The variability of low building wind loads due to surroundings.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 38(2–3), 297–310.
Khanduri, A. C., Stathopoulos, T., and Bedard, C. (1998). “Wind-induced interference effects on buildings—a review of the state-of-the-art.” Eng. Struct., 20(7), 617–630.
Kim, Y. C., Tamura, Y., and Yoshida, A. (2013a). “Shielding effects on wind force correlations and quasi-static wind load combinations for low-rise building in large group.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 112, 58–70.
Kim, Y. C., Yoshida, A., and Tamura, Y. (2012). “Characteristics of surface wind pressures on low-rise building located among large group of surrounding buildings.” Eng. Struct., 35, 18–28.
Kim, Y. C., Yoshida, Y., and Tamura, Y. (2013b). “Influence of surrounding buildings on wind loads acting on low-rise building.” J. Struct. Eng., 275–283.
Peterka, J. A., and Cermak, J. E. (1976). “Adverse wind loading induced by adjacent buildings.” J. Struct. Div., 102(3), 533–548.
Tamura, Y., Kikuchi, H., and Hibi, K. (2000). “Wind load combinations and extreme pressure distributions on low-rise buildings.” Wind Struct. Int. J., 3(4), 279–289.
Tamura, Y., Kikuchi, H., and Hibi, K. (2001). “Extreme wind pressure distributions on low-rise building models.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 89, 1635–1646.
Tamura, Y., Kikuchi, H., and Hibi, K. (2003). “Quasi-static wind load combinations for low- and middle-rise buildings.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 91, 1613–1625.
Tamura, Y., Kikuchi, H., and Hibi, K. (2008). “Peak normal stresses and effects of wind direction on wind load combinations for medium-rise buildings.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 96, 1043–1057.
Wang, K., and Stathopoulos, T. (2006). “The impact of exposure on wind loading of low buildings.” Proc., Structures Congress 2006, ASCE, Reston, VA, 1–10.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 5 • May 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 15, 2013
Accepted: Jul 23, 2013
Published online: Jul 25, 2013
Published in print: May 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Jul 14, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.