Wood Block Tear-Out Resistance and Failure Modes of Timber Rivet Connections: A Stiffness-Based Approach
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 2
Abstract
Existing prediction models for parallel to grain wood failure in timber connections using dowel-type fasteners consider the minimum, maximum, or summation of the tensile and shear capacities of the failed wood block planes. This results in disagreements between the experimental values and the predictions because the stiffness of the tensile and shear planes differs, which leads to uneven load distribution among the resisting planes. The present study focuses on timber rivet connections. A closed-form analytical method is proposed to determine the load-carrying capacity of wood under longitudinal loading in rivet connections in timber products. For the wood strength, the stiffness and strength of the planes subjected to nonuniform shear and tension stresses are taken into account. Furthermore, an algorithm is presented that allows the designer to predict the possible brittle, ductile, and mixed failure modes. The results of tests on New Zealand Radiata Pine Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) and glulam, and data available from the literature, confirm the validity of this new method and show that this predictive method can be used advantageously in comparison with other existing models.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank the New Zealand Structural Timber Innovation Company (STIC) for funding this research work.
References
Begel, M., Wolfe, R. W., and Stahl, D. C. (2004). “Timber rivet connections in US domestic species.”, U.S. Dept., Agriculture Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI.
Buchanan, A. H., and Lai, J. C. (1994). “Glulam rivets in Radiata Pine.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 21(2), 340–350.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA). (2009). “Engineering design in wood (limit states design).” CAN/CSA-O86.09, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (1998). “Eurocode 5—Design of timber structures.” EN 1995-1-1:1998, Brussels, Belgium.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (2004). “Eurocode 5—Design of timber structures.” EN 1995-1-1:2004, Brussels, Belgium.
Foschi, R. O., and Longworth, J. (1975). “Analysis and design of griplam nailed connections.” J. Struct. Div., 2537–2555.
ISO. (1983). “Timber structures-Joints made with mechanical fasteners-General principles and determination of strength and deformation characteristics.” ISO 6891:1983, Geneva.
Johansen, K. W. (1949). “Theory of timber connections.” Publ. Int. Assoc. Bridge Struct. Eng., 9, 249–262.
Johnsson, H., and Stehn, L. (2004). “Plug shear failure in nailed timber connections: Load distribution and failure initiation.” Holz. Roh Werkst., 62(6), 455–464.
Karacabeyli, E., Fraser, H., and Deacon, W. (1998). “Lateral and withdrawal load resistance of glulam rivet connections made with sawn timber.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 25(1), 128–138.
Madsen, B. (2000). Behaviour of timber connections, Timber Engineering Ltd., North Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada.
Marjerrison, M. R. (2007). “Analysis of timber rivet connections loaded parallel to grain.” M.Sc. dissertation, Dept., Civil Engineering, The Royal Military College of Canada, Ontario, Canada.
National Design Specification (NDS). (2012). “National design specification for wood construction.” Standard ANSI/AWC NDS-2012, American Wood Council, Washington, DC.
Quenneville, P., and Mohammad, M. (2000). “On the failure modes and strength of steel-wood-steel bolted timber connections loaded parallel-to-grain.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 27(4), 761–773.
Smith, I., and Foliente, G. (2002). “Load and resistance factor design of timber joints: International practice and future direction.” J. Struct. Eng., 48–59.
Stahl, D. C., Wolfe, R. W., and Begel, M. (2004). “Improved analysis of timber rivet connections.” J. Struct. Eng., 1272–1279.
Williams, C. C. (2006). “Timber rivets.” NZ Timber Des. J., 16(2), 1–5.
Zarnani, P., and Quenneville, P. (2011). “New analytical method and experimental verification of timber rivet connections loaded parallel-to-grain.” Proc., Canadian Society of Civil Engineering Annual Conf., Structural Division, Canadian Society of Civil Engineering, Montréal.
Zarnani, P., and Quenneville, P. (2012a). “A stiffness-based analytical model for wood strength in timber connections loaded parallel to grain: Riveted joint capacity in brittle and mixed failure modes.” Proc., Int. Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, CIB-W18, International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Zarnani, P., and Quenneville, P. (2012b). “Predictive analytical model for wood capacity of rivet connections in glulam and LVL.” Proc., 12th World Conf. on Timber Engineering, New Zealand Timber Design Society, Wellington.
Zarnani, P., and Quenneville, P. (2012c). “Reliable yield model for strength prediction of timber rivet connection under ductile failure.” Proc., 12th World Conf. on Timber Engineering, New Zealand Timber Design Society, Wellington.
Zarnani, P., and Quenneville, P. (2012d). “Wood effective thickness in brittle and mixed failure modes of timber rivet connections.” Proc., 12th World Conf. on Timber Engineering, New Zealand Timber Design Society, Wellington.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 2 • February 2014
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 13, 2012
Accepted: Mar 15, 2013
Published online: Mar 18, 2013
Published in print: Feb 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Mar 11, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.