Modeling of Heat Transfer in Gas-Filled Furnace for Steel Members
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 2
Abstract
A heat transfer model for unprotected steel structural members was proposed in this study. The model accounts for both the variation of the steel emissivity during the fire growth and the view factor effect. The participation of the gases in the heat exchange by radiation also was discussed. The calculation of the view factor of concave steel sections was derived and justified using the heat transfer theory in a realistic situation. In addition, a new formulation incorporating the transmissivity, absorptivity, and emissivity of the participating medium into the view factor was presented. A numerical verification was conducted to validate the predicted temperatures with experimental data and a good correlation was achieved. Further, the model was simplified, while retaining its accuracy to facilitate the numerical computations carried out by the structural engineers in structural fire design.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Barthelemy, B. (1976). “Heating calculation of structural steel members.” J. Struct. Div., 102(8), 1549–1558.
Bejan, A., and Kraus, A. D. (2003). Heat transfer handbook, Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ.
British Standards Institution. (2002). Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. Parts 1–2: General actions—Actions on structures exposed to fire, BS EN 1991-1-2, British Standards Institution, London.
Cho, Y., Kim, M., and Park, G. (2006). “Experimental study on measurement of emissivity for analysis of SNU-RCCS.” Nucl. Eng. Technol., 38(1), 99–108.
Conroy, C., Guthrie, J., Sharkins, A., Sparr, B., Crocombe, R., and Curbelo, R. (1987). “An infrared accessory for studying the emissivity of aluminum surfaces.” Appl. Spectrosc., 41(4), 688–692.
Edwards, D., and Matavosian, R. (1984). “Scaling rules for total absorptivity and emissivity of gases.” J. Heat Transfer, 106(4), 684–689.
En1993-1-2. (2005). Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures. Parts 1–2. General rules—structural fire design, Brussels: European Committee for Standardization.
Franssen, J. M. (2006). “Calculation of temperature in fire-exposed bare steel structures: Comparison between ENV 1993-1-2 and EN 1993-1-2.” Fire Safety J., 41(2), 139–143.
Franssen, J. M., Raul, Z., and Venkatesh, K. (2009). Designing steel structures for fire safety, Taylor & Francis Group, London.
Ghojel, J. (1998). “A new approach to modeling heat transfer in compartment fires.” Fire Safety J., 31(3), 227–237.
Ghojel, J., and Wong, M. (2005). “Heat transfer model of unprotected steel members in a standard compartment fire with participating medium.” J. Const. Steel Res., 61(6), 825–833.
Holman, J. (2010). Heat transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Hottel, H. C. (1927). “Heat transmission by radiation from non–luminous gases.” Ind. Eng. Chem., 19(8), 888–894.
Kay, T., Kirby, B., and Preston, R. (1996). “Calculation of the heating rate of an unprotected steel member in a standard fire resistance test.” Fire Safety J., 26(4), 327–350.
Lennon, T., Moore, D. B., Wang, Y. C., and Bailey, C. G. (2007). Designer’s guide to EN1991-1-2, EN1992-1-2, EN1993-1-2, and EN1994-1-2, Thomas Telford Services, London, UK.
Mills, A. (1999). Heat transfer, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Sadiq, H., Wong, M. B., Zhao, X., and Al-Mahaidi, R. (2011). “Effect of high-temperature oxidation on the emissivity of steel.” Proc. 2011 World Cong. Adv. Struct. Eng. Mech. (ASEM11+), Techno-Press, Seoul, Korea, 3839–3849.
Sadiq, H., Wong, M. B., Tashan, J., Al-Mahaidi, R., and Zhao, X. (2013). “Determination of steel emissivity for the temperature prediction of structural steel members in fire.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 25(2), 167–173.
SBI. (1976). Fire engineering design of steel structures, Swedish Institute of Steel Construction, Stockholm.
Smith, C., and Stirland, C. (1983). “Analytical methods and the design of steel-framed buildings.” Int. Sem. Three Decades Struct. Fire Safety, Fire Research Station, Herts, UK, 155–200.
Wainman, D., and Kirby, B. (1987). Compendium of UK standard fire test data, unprotected structural steel–1, Ref. No. RS/RSC/S 10328/1/87/B, Swinden Laboratories, British Steel Corporation, Rotherham.
Wang, Z. H. (2010). “Geometric effect of radiative heat exchange in concave structure with application to heating of steel I-sections in fire.” Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 53(5–6), 997–1003.
Wang, Z. H., and Tan, K. H. (2008). “Radiative heat transfer for structural members exposed to fire: An analytical approach.” J. Fire Sci., 26(2), 133–152.
White, D. A., Beyler, C. L., Scheffey, J. L., and Williams, F. W. (1999). “Modeling the impact of post-flashover shipboard fires on adjacent spaces.” J. Fire Protect. Eng., 10(4), 2–18.
Wickstrom, U. (2001). “Calculation of heat transfer to structures exposed to fire—Shadow effects.” 9th Int. Fire Sci. Eng. Conf., Interscience Communication, Edinburgh, Scotland, 451–460.
Wong, M. (2005). “Size effect on temperatures of structural steel in fire.” J. Struct. Eng., 16–20.
Wong, M., and Ghojel, J. (2003a). “Sensitivity analysis of heat transfer formulations for insulated structural steel components.” Fire Safety J., 38(2), 187–201.
Wong, M., and Ghojel, J. (2003b). “Spreadsheet method for temperature calculation of unprotected steelwork subject to fire.” Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 12(2), 83–92.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 2 • February 2014
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 13, 2012
Accepted: Feb 25, 2013
Published online: Feb 27, 2013
Published in print: Feb 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Mar 1, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.