Integrated Analytical and Experimental Research to Develop a New Seismic Design Methodology for Precast Concrete Diaphragms
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 7
Abstract
A new seismic diaphragm design methodology has been developed for precast concrete floor diaphragms. The knowledge required to create the design methodology was obtained through an integrated analytical and experimental research project using two Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) equipment sites. The activities of the project involved a sequence of integrated research tasks that systematically developed knowledge about diaphragm behavior from the reinforcement detail level to the structural system level. These tasks included the use of state-of-the-art experimental techniques made possible through the NEES facilities including hybrid simulation and large-scale shake table tests. Such techniques were crucial to the research as the complex behavior of precast diaphragms is not well described by simple analytical models or idealized experiments. Valuable industry oversight in the planning, execution, and technology transfer stages of the project guided the research activities, including a design framework established at the outset of the project. This paper describes the research project approach, activities, and outcomes.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The experimental work described in this paper was performed at the NEES@Lehigh and NEES@UCSD equipment sites, whose technical expertise and operational support is greatly appreciated. The research was supported by the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI), the Charles Pankow Foundation, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant CMS-0324522 and SGER Supplement CMMI-0623952. The authors are grateful for this support. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
References
American Concrete Institute (ACI) (2005). “Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-05) and commentary (318R-05).” ACI 318-05, ACI, Farmington Hills, MI.
ASCE. (2007). “Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings.” ASCE/SEI 41-06, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Building Seismic Safety Council. (2009). “Seismic design methodology for precast concrete floor diaphragms; Part III, NEHRP recommended seismic provisions.” BSSC TS-4, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
Cassidy, I., and Gavin, H. P. (2008). “Modeling of a half-scale pre-cast pre-stressed reinforced concrete building.” Internal rep., Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
Cao, L., and Naito, C. (2007). “Design of precast diaphragm chord connections for in-plane tension demands.” J. Struct. Eng., 133(11), 1627–1635.
Cao, L., and Naito, C. (2009). “Precast double-tee floor connectors; Part II: Shear performance.” PCI J., 54(2), 97–115.
DIANA V9.4.4 [Computer software]. Delft, Netherlands, TNO DIANA.
Farrow, K. T., and Fleischman, R. B. (2003). “Effect of dimension and detail on the capacity of precast concrete parking structure diaphragms.” PCI J., 48(5), 46–61.
Fleischman, R. B., and Farrow, K. T. (2001). “Dynamic response of perimeter lateral-system structures with flexible diaphragms.” J. Earthq.Struct. Dyn., 30(5), 745–763.
Fleischman, R. B. (2009). “Development and design of untopped precast concrete diaphragm systems for high seismic zones” Charles Pankow Foundation, 〈http://www.pankowfoundation.org/grants.cfm?research=1〉 (Oct. 26, 2011).
Fleischman, R. B., Farrow, K. T., and Eastman, K. (2002). “Seismic response of perimeter lateral-system structures with highly flexible diaphragms.” Earthq. Spectra, 18(2), 251–286.
Fleischman, R. B., Sause, R., Pessiki, S., and Rhodes, A. B. (1998). “Seismic behavior of precast parking structure diaphragms.” PCI J., 43(1), 38–53.
Fleischman, R. B., and Wan, G. (2007). “Appropriate overstrength of shear reinforcement in precast concrete diaphragms.” J. Struct. Eng., 133(11), 1616–1626.
Iverson, J. K., and Hawkins, N. M. (1994). “Performance of precast/prestressed concrete building structures during Northridge earthquake.” PCI J., 39(2), 38–55.
Lee, H. J., and Kuchma, D. A. (2008). “Seismic response of parking structures with precast concrete diaphragms.” PCI J., 53(2), 71–94.
Moehle, J. P., Hooper, J. D., Kelly, D. J., and Meyer, T. R. (2010). “Seismic design of cast-in-place concrete diaphragms, chords, and collections.” NEHRP Seismic Design Tech. Brief Number 3, NEHRP, Washington, DC.
Naito, C. J., Cao, L., and Peter, W. (2009). “Precast double-tee floor connectors; Part I: Tension performance.” PCI J., 54(1), 49–66.
Naito, C., Peter, W., and Cao, L. (2006). “Development of a seismic design methodology for precast diaphragms; Phase 1 summary report.” ATLSS Rep. 06–03, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA.
Naito, C., Ren, R., Jones, C., and Cullen, T. (2007). “Development of a seismic design methodology for precast diaphragms; Phase 1b summary report.” ATLSS Rep. 07–04. ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA.
Naito, C. J., and Ren, R. (2013). “An evaluation method for precast concrete diaphragm connectors based on structural testing.” PCI J., 58(2), 106–118.
Pincheira, J. A., Oliva, M. G., and Kusumo-rahardjo, F. I. (1998). “Tests on double tee flange connectors subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading.” PCI J., 43(3), 82–96.
Ren, R., and Naito, C. J. (2013). “Precast concrete diaphragm connector performance database.” J. Struct. Eng., 139(1), 15–27.
Rodriguez, M., Restrepo, J. I., and Carr, A. J. (2002). “Earthquake induced floor horizontal accelerations in buildings.” J. Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(3), 693–718.
Schoettler, M. J. (2010). “Seismic demands in precast concrete diaphragms.” Ph.D. thesis. Univ. of California, San Diego, CA.
Schoettler, M. J., Belleri, A., Zhang, D., Restrepo, J., and Fleischman, R. B. (2009). “Preliminary results of the shake-table testing for development of a diaphragm seismic design methodology.” PCI J., 54(1), 100–124.
Wan, G. (2007). “Analytical development of capacity design factors for a precast concrete diaphragm seismic design methodology.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
Wan, G., Fleischman, R. B., and Zhang, D. (2012). “Effect of spandrel beam to double tee connection characteristic of flexure-controlled precast diaphragms.” J. Struct. Eng., 138(2), 247–257.
Wood, S. L., Stanton, J. F., and Hawkins, N. M. (2000). “New seismic design provisions for diaphragms in precast concrete parking structures.” PCI J., 45(1), 50–65.
Zhang, D. (2010). “Examination of precast concrete diaphragm seismic response by three-dimensional nonlinear transient dynamic analyses.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
Zhang, D., Fleischman, R. B., Naito, C., and Ren, R. (2011). “Experimental evaluation of pretopped precast diaphragm critical flexure joint under seismic demands.” J. Struct. Eng., 137(10), 1073–1074.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 139 • Issue 7 • July 2013
Pages: 1192 - 1204
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 26, 2011
Accepted: Sep 10, 2012
Published online: Sep 13, 2012
Published in print: Jul 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.