Developing LH Controller to Model Low- and High-Velocity Behavior in a Prototype MR Damper
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 9
Abstract
A low- and high-velocity based controller (LH controller) is developed to model the force-velocity relationship of a magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper that enables the controlling current to be calculated as a function of required control force. The proposed bilinear force-velocity model predicts the high-velocity region as well as the often neglected low-velocity region that corresponds to the damper responses in the postyield and preyield regions, respectively. The calculated current may then be supplied to an experimentally parameterized prototype small-capacity MR damper (50 kN) to control seismic responses at a lower cost. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the ability of the LH controller to reduce structural displacements and accelerations in comparison with three other state-of-the-art controllers, namely, the clipped optimal controller, modified clipped optimal controller, and inverse model, which neglect the low-velocity region of the damper. After including this region, the LH controller significantly lowers peak accelerations by 57.7, 33.4, and 13.0%, respectively, over the three other common controllers and also lowers mean displacements by 85.9, 81.7, and 85.4%, respectively. Lastly, the LH controller is used to reduce the peak drifts and accelerations in comparison with those of a 20-story benchmark building.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Ashfak, K., Saheed, A., Abdul Rasheed, K. K., and Abdul Jaleel, J. (2011). “Design, fabrication and evaluation of MR damper.” Int. J. Aerosp. Mech. Eng., 5(1), 27–32.
Attard, T. L. (2007). “Controlling all inter-story displacements in highly-nonlinear steel buildings using optimal viscous damping.” J. Struct. Eng., 133(9), 1331–1340.
Attard, T. L., and Dansby, R. E. (2009). “Evolutionary structural control of elastic and inelastic strains using rehabilitative algorithms in damaged steel buildings.” J. Mech. Mater. Struct., 4(3), 413–424.
Attard, T. L., and Mignolet, M. P. (2005). “Evolutionary model for random plastic analyses of shear-frame buildings using a detailed degradation model.” 9th Int. Conf. on Structural Safety and Reliability, ICOSSAR2005, Rome.
Attard, T. L., and Mignolet, M. P. (2008). “Random plastic analysis using a constitutive model to predict the evolutionary stress-related responses and time passages to failure.” J. Eng. Mech., 134(10), 881–891.
Attard, T. L., Pnevmatikos, N. G., Wesson, M. D., Sanchez, M. C., and Wharton, C. (2008). “Experimental shaking table tests of a steel structure using a prototype MR damper.” Proc., 4th European Conf. on Structural Control, European Association for the Control of Structures, Pavia, Italy.
Attard, T. L., and Wharton, C. R. (2012). “Optimal control parameterization for meeting displacement and acceleration performance demands, and reducing local constitutive responses in potentially damaged steel frames.” Eng. Struct., 36(3), 123–133.
Basu, B., and Nagarajaiah, S. (2008). “A wavelet-based time-varying adaptive LQR algorithm for structural control.” Eng. Struct., 30(9), 2470–2477.
Cheng, F. Y., Jiang, H., and Lou, K. (2008). Smart structures: Innovative systems for seismic response control, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Doyle, J. C. (1989). “State-space solutions to standard and control problems.” IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr., 34(8), 831–847.
Dyke, S. J., Spencer, B. F., Sain, M. K., and Carlson, J. D. (1996). “Modeling and control of magnetorheological dampers for seismic response reduction.” Smart Mater. Struct., 5(5), 565–575.
Hart, G. C., and Wong, K. K. F. (2001). Structural dynamics for structural engineers, Wiley, New York.
Housner, G. W., and Bergman, L. A. (1997). Structural control: Past, present, and future.” J. Eng. Mech. Div., 123(9), 897–971.
Howard, J., Tracy, C., and Burns, R. (2005). “Comparing observed and predicted directivity in near-source ground motion.” Earthquake Spectra, 21(4), 1063–1092.
Jolly, M. R., Carlson, J. D., and Muñoz, B. C. (1996). “A model of the behaviour of magnetorheological materials.” Smart Mater. Struct., 5(5), 607–614.
Kciuk, S., Turczyn, R., and Kciuk, M. (2010). “Experimental and numerical studies of MR damper with prototype magnetorheological fluid.” J. Achievements Mater. Manuf. Eng., 39(1), 52–59.
Kelly, J. M. (1999). “The role of damping in seismic isolation.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dynam., 28(1), 3–20.
Kim, S. B., Yun, C.-B., and Spencer, B. F. (2004). “Vibration control of wind-excited tall buildings using sliding mode fuzzy control.” J. Eng. Mech., 130(4), 505–510.
Madden, G. J., Symans, M. D., and Wongprasert, N. (2002). “Experimental verification of seismic response of building frame with adaptive sliding base-isolation system.” J. Struct. Eng., 128(8), 1037–1045.
Makris, N. (1997). “Rigidity-plasticity-viscosity: Can electrorheological dampers protect base-isolated structures from near-source ground motions?” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dynam., 26, 571–591.
Mei, M. (2001). “Real-time model predictive control of structures under earthquakes.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dynam., 30, 995–1019.
Miranda, E., and Taghavi, S. (2005). “Approximate floor acceleration demands in multistory buildings I: Formulation.” J. Struct. Div., 131(2), 203–211.
Ohtori, Y., Christenson, R. E., Spencer, B. F., Jr., and Dyke, S. J. (2004). “Benchmark control problems for seismically excited nonlinear buildings.” J. Eng. Mech., 130(4), 366–385.
Palazzo, P., and Petti, L. (1999). “Optimal structural control in the frequency domain: Control in norm and .” J. Struct. Contr., 6(2), 205–221.
Sankaranarayanan, R., and Medina, R. A. (2006). “Estimation of seismic acceleration demands of nonstructural components exposed to near-fault ground motions.” Proc., 1st European Conf. on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, European Association of Earthquake Engineering (EAEE), Istanbul, Turkey.
Song, G., and Zeng, M. (2005). “A thin-film magnetorheological fluid damper/lock.” Smart Mater. Struct., 14(2), 369–375.
Song, J., and Kiureghian, A. (2006). “Generalized Bouc–Wen model for highly asymmetric hysteresis.” J. Eng. Mech., 132(6), 610–618.
Spencer, B. F., Jr. (1986). Reliability of randomly excited hysteretic structures, Springer, Berlin.
Spencer, B. F., Jr., Dyke, S. J., Sain, M. K., and Carlson, J. D. (1997). “Phenomenological model of a magnetorheological damper.” J. Eng. Mech., 123(3), 230–238.
Stavroulakis, G. E. (2005). “Design and robust optimal control of smart beams with application on vibrations suppression.” Adv. Eng. Softw., 36(11–12), 806–813.
Stein, G., and Athans, M. (1987). “The LQG/LTR procedure for multivariable feedback control design.” IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr., 32(2), 105–114.
Symans, M. D., and Kelly, S. W. (1999). “Fuzzy logic control of bridge structures using intelligent semi-active seismic isolation systems.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dynam., 28(1), 37–60.
Tsang, H. H., Su, R. K. L., and Chandler, A. M. (2006). “Simplified inverse dynamics models for MR fluid dampers.” Eng. Struct., 28(3), 327–341.
Tse, T., and Chang, C. C. (2004). “Shear-mode rotary magnetorheological damper for small-scale structural control experiments.” J. Struct. Eng., 130(6), 904–911.
Wen, Y. K. (1976). “Method for random vibration of hysteretic systems.” J. Engrg. Mech. Div., 102(2), 249–263.
Yang, G., Spencer, B. F., Jr., Jung, H. J., and Carlson, J. D. (2004). “Dynamic model of large-scale MR damper systems for civil engineering applications.” J. Eng. Mech., 130(9), 1107–1114.
Yoshida, O., and Dyke, S. J. (2004). “Seismic control of a nonlinear benchmark building using smart dampers.” J. Eng. Mech., 130(4), 386–392.
Zhang, Y., and Iwan, W. D. (2002). “Active interaction control of tall buildings subjected to near-field ground motions.” J. Struct. Eng., 128(1), 69–79.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 139 • Issue 9 • September 2013
Pages: 1457 - 1467
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 27, 2011
Accepted: Sep 6, 2012
Published online: Sep 8, 2012
Published in print: Sep 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.