Technical Papers
May 28, 2012

Analysis-Based Design Provisions for Steel Storage Racks

Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 5

Abstract

The paper summarizes the main new design provisions included in the recently revised Australian standard for steel storage racks. The standard features multitiered analysis provisions ranging from basic linear-elastic analysis-based provisions to highly advanced integrated design-analysis [geometric and material nonlinear analysis with imperfections (GMNIA)] provisions that allow the analysis and design to be completed in one step. The GMNIA provisions distinguish between beam element–based and shell element–based analysis according to cross section slenderness and provide rules for the imperfections to use for the two types of analysis, including imperfections in the local and distortional buckling modes for the shell element–based analysis. The selection of the system-based reliability (resistance) factor (ϕs) is discussed. The standard is seen as the most advanced design code of its type currently available for frame-type steel structures. The paper also provides an in-depth discussion about the use of linear and nonlinear elastic analysis methods for the design of steel storage racks and how torsion may be considered in determining design capacities while not in the structural analysis.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the constructive comments on this paper offered by Professors Nick Trahair and Greg Hancock.

References

AISC. (2005). “Specification for structural steel buildings.” ANSI/AISC 360-05, Chicago.
AISC. (2010). “Specification for structural steel buildings.” ANSI/AISC 360-10, Chicago.
Bakker, M., and Pekoz, T. (2003). “The finite element method for thin-walled members: Basic principles.” Thin-walled Struct., 41(2–3), 179–189.
Clarke, M. J., Bridge, R. Q., Hancock, G. J., and Trahair, N. S. (1992). “Advanced analysis of steel building frames.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 23(1–3), 1–29.
Clarke, M. J., Bridge, R. Q., Hancock, G. J., and Trahair, N. S. (1993). “Benchmarking and verification of second-order elastic and inelastic frame analysis programs.” Plastic hinge based methods for advanced analysis and design of steel frames – an assessment of the state of the art, D. W. White and W. F. Chen, eds. Structural Stability Research Council, Bethlehem, PA, 245–274.
Davies, M. J. (2002). “Second-order elastic-plastic analysis of plane frames.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 58(10), 1315–1330.
Ellingwood, B. R. (1994). “Probability-based codified design: Past accomplishments and future challenges.” Struct. Saf., 13(3), 159–176.
Ellingwood, B. R. (2000). “LRFD: Implementing structural reliability in professional practice.” Eng. Struct., 22(2), 106–115.
European Committee for Standardisation (CEN). (2005). “Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings.” EN1993-1-1, Brussels, Belgium.
European Committee for Standardisation (CEN). (2006). “Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures. Part 1-5: Plated structural elements.” EN1993-1-5, Brussels, Belgium.
European Committee for Standardisation (CEN). (2007). “Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures. Part 1-6: Strength and stability of steel structures.” EN1993-1-6, Brussels, Belgium.
European Committee for Standardisation (CEN). (2009). “Steel static storage systems - adjustable pallet racking - principles for structural design.” EN15512, Brussels, Belgium.
Gilbert, B. P. (2009). “The behaviour of steel drive-in racks under static and forklift truck impact forces.” Ph.D. thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Univ. Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Gilbert, B. P., and Rasmussen, K. J. R. (2011). “Determining the transverse shear stiffness of steel storage rack upright frames.” Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on Thin-Walled Structures, Dubina D. and Ungureanu V. eds., European Convention for Constructional Steelwork, Brussels, Belgium, 821–828.
Horne, M. (1985). “Frame instability and the plastic design of rigid frames.” Chapter 1, Steel framed structures: Stability and strength, R. Narayanan, ed. Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1–29.
Koen, D. (2008). “Structural capacity of light gauge steel storage rack uprights.” M.Phil. thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Lecce, M., and Rasmussen, K. J. R. (2006). “Distortional buckling of cold-formed stainless steel sections: Finite-element modeling and design.” J. Struct. Eng., 132(4), 505–514.
NAS (North American Specification). (2007). North American specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members. American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, DC.
Nethercot, D. A. (2000). “Frame structures: Global performance, static and stability behaviour - general report.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 55(1–3), 109–124.
Papangelis, J. P., and Hancock, G. J. (1995). “Computer analysis of thin-walled structural members.” Comp. Struct., 56(1), 157–176.
Rack Manufacturers Institute (RMI). (2008). Specification for the design, testing, and utilization of industrial steel storage racks, Charlotte, NC.
Rasmussen, K. J. R., and Gilbert, B. P. (2011). “Analysis-based 2D design of steel storage racks.” Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 11(5), 929–947.
Sarawit, A. T., Kim, Y., Bakker, M. C. M., and Pekoz, T. (2003). “The finite element method for thin-walled members - applications.” Thin-walled Struct., 41(2–3), 191–206.
Sarawit, A. T., and Pekoz, T. (2006). Direct analysis method for industrial steel storage racks, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Schafer, B. (2008). “CUFSM: Elastic buckling analysis of thin-walled members by the finite strip method. Version 3.12.” 〈http://www.ce.jhu.edu/bschafer/cufsm/〉 (Sep. 21, 2011).
Standards Australia. (1993). “Steel storage racking.” AS4084, Sydney, Australia.
Standards Australia. (1998). “Steel structures.” AS4100, Sydney, Australia.
Standards Australia. (2005). “Cold-formed steel structures.” AS/NZS4600, Sydney, Australia.
Standards Australia. (2012). “Steel storage racking.” AS4084, Sydney, Australia.
Surovek-Maleck, A. E., and White, D. W. (2004). “Alternative approaches for elastic analysis and design of steel frames. I: Overview.” J. Struct. Eng., 130(8), 1186–1196.
Walker, A. (1975). Design of struts. Design and analysis of cold-formed sections, International Textbook Company, London.
White, D. W., Surovek, A. E., Alemdar, B. N., Chang, C.-J., Kim, Y. D., and Kuchenbecker, G. H. (2006). “Stability analysis and design of steel building frames using the 2005 AISC Specification.” Int. J. Steel Struct., 6, 71–91.
Yang, D., and Hancock, G. J. (2004). “Compression tests of cold-reduced high strength steel sections. I: Stub columns.” J. Struct, Eng., 130(11), 1772–1781.
Yang, D., and Hancock, G. J. (2006). “Numerical simulation of high-strength steel box-shaped columns failing in local and overall buckling modes.” J. Struct. Eng., 132(4), 541–549.
Ziemian, R. D., and McGuire, W. (2002). “Modified tangent modulus approach, a contribution to plastic hinge analysis.” J. Struct. Eng., 128(10), 1301–1307.
Ziemian, R. D., McGuire, W., and Deierlein, G. G. (1992). “Inelastic limit states design. Part I: Planar frame studies.” J. Struc. Eng., 118(9), 2532–2549.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Structural Engineering
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 139Issue 5May 2013
Pages: 849 - 859

History

Received: Sep 25, 2011
Accepted: May 25, 2012
Published online: May 28, 2012
Published in print: May 1, 2013

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

K. J. R. Rasmussen [email protected]
Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]
B. P. Gilbert [email protected]
Lecturer, Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith Univ., Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; formerly, Ph.D. Student, School of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share