Cost Optimum Design of Posttensioned I-Girder Bridge Using Global Optimization Algorithm
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 138, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper presents an optimization approach to the design of simply supported, post-tensioned, prestressed concrete I-girder bridges. The objective is to minimize the total cost of the structure, considering cost of materials, fabrication, and installation. For a particular girder span and bridge width, the design variables considered for cost minimization of the bridge system are girder spacing, various cross-sectional dimensions of the girder, number of strands per tendon, number of tendons, tendon layout and configuration, slab thickness, slab rebar, and shear rebar for the girder. Explicit constraints on the design variables are developed on the basis of geometric requirements, practical conditions for construction, and code restrictions. Implicit constraints for design are formulated as per the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard Specifications. The optimization problem is characterized by having a combination of continuous, discrete, and integer sets of design variables and multiple local minima. An optimization algorithm, evolutionary operation (EVOP), is used that is capable of locating directly with high probability the global minimum without requiring information on gradient or subgradient of the objective function. The present optimization approach is used for a real-life bridge project, leading to a feasible and acceptable design resulting in around 35% savings in cost per square meter of the deck area. Computational time required for optimization of the present problem is only a few seconds. Because constant design parameters have influence on the optimum design, this cost minimization procedure is performed for a range of such parameters.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
AASHTO. (2002). Standard specifications for highway bridges, 17th Ed., Washington, DC.
Adeli, H., ed. (1994). Advances in design optimization, Chapman and Hall, London.
Adeli, H., and Kamal, O. (1993). Parallel processing in structural engineering, Elsevier Applied Science, London.
Adeli, H., and Sarma, K. C. (2006). Cost optimization of structures, Wiley, Chichester, UK.
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Marketing, Inc. (1986). Highway structures design handbook, Vols. I and II, Pittsburgh, PA.
Arora, J. S. (1989). Introduction to optimum design, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Ayvaz, Y., and Aydin, Z. (2009). “Optimum topology and shape design of prestressed concrete bridge girders using a genetic algorithm.” Struct. Multi. Optim., 41(1), 151–162.
Bureau of Research Testing & Consultation (BRTC). (2007). “Teesta bridge project report.” File No. 1247, Dept. of Civil Engineering Library, Bangladesh Univ. of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Cohn, M. Z., and Dinovitzer, A. S. (1994). “Application of structural optimization.” J. Struct. Eng., 120(2), 617–650.
Cohn, M. Z., and MacRae, A. J. (1984a). “Optimization of structural concrete beams.” J. Struct. Eng., 110(7), 1573–1588.
Cohn, M. Z., and MacRae, A. J. (1984b). “Prestressing optimization and its implications for design.” PCI J., 29(4), 68–83.
Fereig, S. M. (1985). “Preliminary design of standard CPCI prestressed bridge girders by linear programming.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 12(1), 213–225.
Fereig, S. M. (1994). “An application of linear programming to bridge design with standard prestressed girders.” Comput. Struct., 50(4), 455–469.
Fereig, S. M. (1996). “Economic preliminary design of bridges with prestressed I-girders.” J. Bridge Eng., 1(1), 18–25.
Freyssinet Inc. (1999). “The Range post-tensioning system.” 〈www.freyssinet.com〉 (May 10, 2010).
Ghani, S. N. (1989). “A versatile algorithm for optimization of a nonlinear non-differentiable constrained objective function.” UKAEA Harwell Rep. No. R-13714, HMSO Publications Centre, London.
Ghani, S. N. (1995). “Performance of global optimisation algorithm EVOP for non-linear non-differentiable constrained objective functions.” Proc., IEEE Int. Conf. on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 1, IEEE, New York, 320–325.
Ghani, S. N. (2008). “User’s guide to subroutine EVOP.” 〈http://www.OptimumSystemDesigners.com〉 (Dec. 17, 2008).
Hassanain, M. A., and Loov, R. E. (2003). “Cost optimization of concrete bridge infrastructure.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 30(5), 841–849.
Jones, H. L. (1985). “Minimum cost prestressed concrete beam design.” J. Struct. Eng., 111(11), 2464–2478.
Lounis, Z., and Cohn, M. Z. (1993). “Optimization of precast prestressed concrete bridge girder systems.” PCI J., 38(4), 60–78.
Ohio Dept. of Transportation (ODOT). (2000). Bridge design manual, Columbus, OH.
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). (1999). PCI design handbook, 5th Ed., Chicago.
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). (2003). PCI bridge design manual, Chicago.
Roads and Highway Department (RHD). (2006). Schedule of rates, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sarma, K. C., and Adeli, H. (1998). “Cost optimization of concrete structures.” J. Struct. Eng., 124(5), 570–579.
Sirca, G. F., and Adeli, H. (2005). “Cost optimization of prestressed concrete bridges.” J. Struct. Eng., 131(3), 380–388.
Torres, G. G. B., Brotchie, J. F., and Cornell, C. A. (1966). “A program for the optimum design of prestressed concrete highway bridges.” PCI J., 11(3), 63–71.
Vanderplaats, G. N. (1984). Numerical optimization techniques for engineering design with applications, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Yachuan, K., and Jinping, O. (2008). “Self-repairing performance of concrete beams strengthened using superelastic SMA wires in combination with adhesives released from hollow fibers.” Smart Mater. Struct., 17(2), 025020.
Yu, C. H., Das Gupta, N. C., and Paul, H. (1986). “Optimization of prestressed concrete bridge girders.” Eng. Optim., 10(1), 13–24.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 10, 2010
Accepted: Jun 15, 2011
Published online: Jun 17, 2011
Published in print: Feb 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.