Seismic Damage Detection of a Full-Scale Shaking Table Test Structure
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 137, Issue 1
Abstract
A series of full-scale tests was conducted on the E-Defense shaking table facilities in Japan to simulate various levels of realistic seismic damage in a high-rise structural steel building. During the shaking table tests, the specimen experienced damage of the concrete slabs, beam-to-column connections, and nonstructural walls. The densely recorded test data of global and local structural deformation and the extensive acceleration records provide a unique benchmark case for evaluating the effectiveness of vibration-based damage diagnosis methods. Dynamic properties of the specimen were extracted from floor accelerations under the white noise excitations by the frequency response function curve-fitting method and autoregressive with exogenous term method. The natural frequencies of the structure decreased on average 4.1, 5.4, and 11.9% after three levels of seismic excitation, respectively, because of increasing extent of structural and nonstructural damage. The analysis of the vibration data shows that the mode shapes changed very little because the damage was distributed over the entire specimen rather than being concentrated on one floor or story for the high-rise moment frame building.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work presented herein was conducted as part of a comprehensive research project, Evaluation and Assurance of Safety and Functionality of Urban Infrastructure, sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. The first writer was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researchers Program at the time of this study. The second writer was supported by Kyoto University as Visiting Professor of Kyoto University at the time of this study. The writers wish to thank to these sponsors. The writers would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions.
References
Allemang, R. J., and Brown, D. L. (1982). “A correlation coefficient for modal vector analysis.” Proc., 1st Int. Modal Analysis Conf., Orlando, Fla., 110–116.
Andersen, P., Brincker, R., Peeters, B., De Roeck, G., and Hermans, L. (1999). “Comparison of system identification methods using ambient bridge test data.” Proc., 17th Int. Modal Analysis Conf., Kissimmee, Fla., 1035–1041.
Barroso, L. R., and Rodriguez, R. (2004). “Damage detection utilizing the damage index method to a benchmark structure.” J. Eng. Mech., 130(2), 142–151.
BCJ. (1997). Structural provisions for building structures (1997 edition), Building Center of Japan, Tokyo (in Japanese).
Bernal, D., and Gunes, B. (2004). “Flexibility based approach for damage characterization: Benchmark application.” J. Eng. Mech., 130(1), 61–70.
Caicedo, J. M., Dyke, S. J., and Johnson, E. A. (2004). “Natural excitation technique and eigensystem realization algorithm for Phase I of the IASC-ASCE benchmark problem: Simulated data.” J. Eng. Mech., 130(1), 49–60.
Chung, Y. L., Nagae, T., Hitaka, T., and Nakashima, M. (2010). “Seismic resistance capacity of high-rise buildings subjected to long-period ground motions: E-Defense shaking table test.” J. Struct. Eng., 136(6), 637–644.
Doeling, S. W., Farrar, C. R., Prime, M. B., and Shevitz, D. W. (1996). “Damage identification and health monitoring of structural and mechanical system from changes in their characteristics: A literature review.” Rep. No. LA-13070-MS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.M.
Ewins, D. J. (2000). Modal testing: Theory, practice and application, 2nd Ed., Taylor and Francis, London.
Fassois, S. D. (2001). “MIMO LMS-ARMAX identification of vibrating structures—Part I: The method.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 15(4), 723–735.
Hera, A., and Hou, Z. (2004). “Application of wavelet approach for ASCE structural health monitoring benchmark studies.” J. Eng. Mech., 130(1), 96–104.
Johnson, E. A., Lam, H. F., Katafygiotis, L. S., and Beck, J. L. (2004). “Phase I IASC-ASCE structural health monitoring benchmark problem using simulated data.” J. Eng. Mech., 130(1), 3–15.
Kim, J. T., Ryu, Y. S., Cho, H. M., and Stubbs, N. (2003). “Damage identification in beam-type structures: Frequency-based method vs mode-shape-based method.” Eng. Struct., 25(1), 57–67.
Lam, H. F., Katafygiotis, L. S., and Mickleborough, N. C. (2004). “Application of a statistical model updating approach on Phase I of the IASC-ASCE structural health monitoring benchmark study.” J. Eng. Mech., 130(1), 34–48.
Luco, N., Mori, Y., Funahashi, Y., Cornell, A. C., and Nakashima, M. (2003). “Evaluation of predictors of non-linear seismic demands using ‘fishbone’ models of SMRF buildings.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 32(14), 2267–2288.
Luş, H., Betti, R., Yu, J., and De Angelis, M. (2004). “Investigation of a system identification methodology in the context of the ASCE benchmark problem.” J. Eng. Mech., 130(1), 71–84.
Nakashima, M. (2006). “Test on collapse behavior of structural systems.” Sci. Technol. Jpn., 96, 14–19.
Nakashima, M., Ogawa, K., and Inoue, K. (2002). “Generic frame model for simulation of earthquake responses of steel moment frames.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(3), 671–692.
Ogawa, N., Ohtani, K., Katayama, T., and Shibata, H. (2001). “Construction of a three-dimensional, large-scale shaking table and development of core technology.” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 359, 1725–1751.
Pakzad, S. N., and Fenves, G. L. (2009). “Statistical analysis of vibration modes of a suspension bridge using spatially dense wireless sensor network.” J. Struct. Eng., 135(7), 863–872.
Pappa, R. S., Elliott, K. B., and Schenk, A. (1993). “Consistent-mode indicator for the eigensystem realization algorithm.” J. Guid. Control Dyn., 16(5), 852–858.
Sohn, H., Farrar, C. R., Hemez, F. M., Czarnecki, J. J., Shunk, D. D., and Stinemates, D. W. (2003). “A review of structural health monitoring literature: 1996–2001.” Technical Rep. Annex to SAMCO Summer Academy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.M.
Suita, K., Kitamura, Y., Gotoh, T., Iwata, T., and Kamae, K. (2007). “Seismic response of high-rise buildings constructed in 1970s subjected to long-period ground motions.” J. Struct. Constr. Eng., 611, 55–61 (in Japanese).
Welch, P. D. (1967). “The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra: A method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms.” IEEE Trans. Audio Electroacoust., 15(2), 70–73.
West, W. M. (1984). “Illustration of the use of modal assurance criterion to detect structural changes in an orbiter test specimen.” Proc., Air Force Conf. on Aircraft Structural Integrity, Los Angeles, 1–6.
Williams, A. B., and Taylors, F. J. (1988). Electronic filter design handbook, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
Worden, K., and Tomlinson, G. R. (2001). Nonlinearity in structural dynamics, IOP Publishing, Bristol, U.K.
Yang, J. N., Lei, Y., Lin, S., and Huang, N. (2004). “Hilbert-Huang based approach for structural damage detection.” J. Eng. Mech., 130(1), 85–95.
Yuen, K. V., Au, S. K., and Beck, J. L. (2004). “Two-stage structural health monitoring approach for Phase I benchmark studies.” J. Eng. Mech., 130(1), 16–33.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 137 • Issue 1 • January 2011
Pages: 14 - 21
Copyright
© 2011 ASCE.
History
Received: Mar 7, 2009
Accepted: Jul 2, 2010
Published online: Jul 15, 2010
Published in print: Jan 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.