Strengthening Square and Circular Low-Strength Concrete Columns with Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix: Experimental Investigation
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 27, Issue 2
Abstract
This study investigated the efficiency of strengthening low-strength RC short columns with fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM). Twelve columns were cast with concrete with a compressive strength of 18 MPa. All columns had a reinforcement ratio of 1.5%. The investigated parameters were the column cross section (square or circular), the spacing between the ties (90 and 180 mm) selected based on the columns’ dimensions, and the number of FRCM layers used in wrapping the columns [zero, two, and four layers of paraphenylene-ben-zobisoxazole (PBO) FRCM]. All columns had a clear height of 800 mm and were tested monotonically until failure. Results showed that for columns wrapped with two PBO-FRCM layers, using a tie spacing of 90 mm eliminated the effect of varying the cross section. However, circular columns showed a higher increase in capacity than square columns for a tie spacing of 180 mm, where the increase was 40%. For all columns wrapped with four PBO-FRCM layers, the cross-section shape was the sole influence on ultimate capacity, where circular columns noticeably showed a more improved capacity. Also, column load–strain relationships were only influenced by the tie spacing. All strengthened columns showed improved ductility with the increase in PBO-FRCM layers. Using existing design provisions, the theoretical capacity of the columns was calculated, and results showed that the code underestimates ultimate capacity, where the theoretical capacities were lower than the experimental ones by 5%–20%.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some data related to Figs. 10–12 that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the American University of Sharjah (Grant No. FRG19-L-E23).
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2019. Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2020. Guide to design and construction of externally bonded fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems for repair and strengthening concrete and masonry structures. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Afefy, H. M. 2020. “Seismic retrofitting of reinforced-concrete coupled shear walls: A review.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 25 (3): 03120001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000489.
Akbari Hadad, H., B. Erickson, and A. Nanni. 2020. “Flexural analysis and design of FRCM-strengthened RC beams.” Constr. Build. Mater. 244 (May): 118371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118371.
Aljazaeri, Z. R., and J. J. Myers. 2017. “Strengthening of reinforced-concrete beams in shear with a fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix.” J. Compos. Constr. 21 (5): 04017041. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000822.
ASTM. 2003. Test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2014. Standard test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel products. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Azam, R., and K. Soudki. 2014. “FRCM strengthening of shear-critical RC beams.” J. Compos. Constr. 18 (5): 04014012. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000464.
Calabrese, A. S., T. D’Antino, P. Colombi, and C. Poggi. 2020. “Study of the influence of interface normal stresses on the bond behavior of FRCM composites using direct shear and modified beam tests.” Constr. Build. Mater. 262 (Nov): 120029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120029.
Carozzi, F. G., G. Milani, and C. Poggi. 2014. “Mechanical properties and numerical modeling of fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems for strengthening of masonry structures.” Compos. Struct. 107 (Jan): 711–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.08.026.
Chin, J., A. Forster, C. Clerici, L. Sung, M. Oudina, and K. Rice. 2007. “Temperature and humidity aging of poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fibers: Chemical and physical characterization.” Polym. Degrad. Stab. 92 (7): 1234–1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.03.030.
Colajanni, P., F. De Domenico, A. Recupero, and N. Spinella. 2014a. “Concrete columns confined with fibre reinforced cementitious mortars: Experimentation and modeling.” Constr. Build. Mater. 52 (Feb): 375–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.048.
Colajanni, P., M. Fossetti, and G. MacAluso. 2014b. “Effects of confinement level, cross-section shape and corner radius on the cyclic behavior of CFRCM confined concrete columns.” Constr. Build. Mater. 55 (Mar): 379–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.035.
D’Ambrisi, A., L. Feo, and F. Focacci. 2013. “Experimental analysis on bond between PBO-FRCM strengthening materials and concrete.” Composites, Part B 44 (1): 524–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.03.011.
Donnini, J., F. Bompadre, and V. Corinaldesi. 2020. “Tensile behavior of a glass FRCM system after different environmental exposures.” Processes 2020 8 (9): 1074. https://doi.org/10.3390/PR8091074.
Elghazy, M., A. Refai, U. A. Ebead, and A. Nanni. 2016. “Performance of corrosion-aged reinforced concrete (RC) beams rehabilitated with fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM).” In Sustainable construction materials and technologies. Reno, NV: Univ. of Nevada.
Faleschini, F., M. A. Zanini, L. Hofer, and C. Pellegrino. 2020. “Experimental behavior of reinforced concrete columns confined with carbon-FRCM composites.” Constr. Build. Mater. 243 (May): 118296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118296.
Feng, R., Y. Li, J. H. Zhu, and F. Xing. 2021. “Behavior of corroded circular RC columns strengthened by C-FRCM under cyclic loading.” Eng. Struct. 226 (Jan): 111311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111311.
Franzoni, E., C. Gentilini, M. Santandrea, S. Zanotto, and C. Carloni. 2017. “Durability of steel FRCM-masonry joints: Effect of water and salt crystallization.” Mater. Struct. 50 (4): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1617/S11527-017-1070-2.
Gurram, S. C. B., and A. Deb. 2010. “Retrofitting a column with an internal hinge: Analytical and numerical study.” Pract. Periodical Struct. Des. Constr. 16 (1): 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000067.
Hadad, H. A., A. Nanni, U. A. Ebead, and A. El Refai. 2018. “Static and fatigue performance of FRCM-strengthened concrete beams.” J. Compos. Constr. 22 (5): 04018033. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000868.
Imani, F. S., A. Chen, J. F. Davalos, and I. Ray. 2010. “Model II fracture evaluation of CFRP-concrete interface using accelerated aging test.” In Proc., 12th Int. Conf. on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments—Earth and Space 2010, 621–633. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Jabr, A., A. El-Ragaby, and F. Ghrib. 2017. “Effect of the fiber type and axial stiffness of FRCM on the flexural strengthening of RC beams.” Fibers 5 (1): 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/FIB5010002.
Kim, M.-J., H.-G. Kim, Y.-J. Lee, D.-H. Kim, M.-S. Jo, and K.-H. Kim. 2020. “Evaluation of bond properties of a fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix for strengthening of concrete structures.” Appl. Sci. 10 (11): 3767. https://doi.org/10.3390/APP10113767.
Loreto, G., S. Babaeidarabad, L. Leardini, and A. Nanni. 2015. “RC beams shear-strengthened with fabric-reinforced-cementitious-matrix (FRCM) composite.” Int. J. Adv. Struct. Eng. 7 (4): 341–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40091-015-0102-9.
Marcinczak, D., T. Trapko, and M. Musiał. 2019. “Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with PBO-FRCM composites with anchorage.” Composites, Part B 158 (Feb): 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.09.061.
Murgo, F. S., and C. Mazzotti. 2019. “Masonry columns strengthened with FRCM system: Numerical and experimental evaluation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 202 (Mar): 208–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.211.
Sneed, L. H., S. Verre, C. Carloni, and L. Ombres. 2016. “Flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with steel-FRCM composite.” Eng. Struct. 127 (Nov): 686–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.09.006.
Su, M., L. Wei, J.-H. Zhu, T. Ueda, G. Guo, and F. Xing. 2019. “Combined impressed current cathodic protection and FRCM strengthening for corrosion-prone concrete structures.” J. Compos. Constr. 23 (4): 04019021. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000949.
Tello, N., Y. Alhoubi, F. Abed, A. El Refai, and T. El-Maaddawy. 2021. “Circular and square columns strengthened with FRCM under concentric load.” Compos. Struct. 255 (Jan): 113000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113000.
Toska, K., F. Faleschini, M. A. Zanini, L. Hofer, and C. Pellegrino. 2021. “Repair of severely damaged RC columns through FRCM composites.” Constr. Build. Mater. 273 (Mar): 121739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121739.
Turk, A. M. 2013. “Seismic response analysis of masonry minaret and possible strengthening by fiber reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) materials.” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2013 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/952497.
Wang, X., C. C. Lam, B. C. Sun, T. Noguchi, and V. P. Iu. 2020. “Effect of curing environment on the tensile behaviour of FRCM composites.” Constr. Build. Mater. 238 (Mar): 117729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117729.
Younis, A., and U. Ebead. 2018. “Bond characteristics of different FRCM systems.” Constr. Build. Mater. 175 (Jun): 610–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.216.
Younis, A., U. Ebead, and K. C. Shrestha. 2017a. “FRCM shear strengthening for concrete beams.” In Proc., ISEC 2017–9th Int. Structure Engineering and Construction Conf.: Resilient Structures and Sustainable Construction. Fargo, North Dakota: International Structural Engineering and Construction Society Press.
Younis, A., U. Ebead, and K. C. Shrestha. 2017b. “Different FRCM systems for shear-strengthening of reinforced concrete beams.” Constr. Build. Mater. 153 (Oct): 514–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.132.
Zhu, J.-H., Z. Wang, M. Su, T. Ueda, and F. Xing. 2020. “C-FRCM jacket confinement for RC columns under impressed current cathodic protection.” J. Compos. Constr. 24 (2): 04020001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001006.
Zhu, M., J. H. Zhu, T. Ueda, K. Matsumoto, and M. Su. 2021. “Bond behavior of carbon fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites considering matrix impregnation.” Compos. Struct. 262 (Apr): 113350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113350.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 29, 2021
Accepted: Dec 2, 2021
Published online: Feb 3, 2022
Published in print: May 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Jul 3, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Yazan Alhoubi, Ahmed El Refai, Farid Abed, Tamer El-Maaddawy, Noor Tello, Strengthening pre-damaged RC square columns with fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM): Experimental investigation, Composite Structures, 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115784, 294, (115784), (2022).
- Noor Tello, Farid Abed, Ahmed ElRefai, Tamer El‐Maaddawy, Yazan Alhoubi, Experimental investigation of pre‐damaged circular RC columns strengthened with fabric‐reinforced cementitious matrix ( FRCM ) , Structural Concrete, 10.1002/suco.202200333, 24, 1, (1656-1669), (2022).