Effect of Flexibly Attached Secondary Systems on Dynamic Behavior of Light Structures
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 27, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of flexibly attached secondary systems (FSS) on the dynamic behavior of primary structures (PS) under harmonic and seismic ground excitations. An FSS affects the main structure during ground excitation differently than a secondary system that is rigidly attached to it. Small displacements in the FSS are used to derive the equations of motion that define the behavior of the PS and FSS. The analytical formulation presented is validated by a finite element (FE) study conducted in SAP2000. The influence of mass ratio, tuning frequency ratio, and excitation frequency ratio on the dynamic behavior of the PS is investigated. The results show that the combined system (PS+FSS) behaves as a modified single degree of freedom (SDOF) structure at higher tuning frequency ratios. The dynamic response of the structure is independent of the mass ratio at low tuning frequency ratio of FSS. Under seismic excitations, the flexible structure’s response reduces considerably as the mass ratio increases, compared to a stiff structure at a higher tuning frequency ratio. When the tuning frequency ratio is equal to one, smaller mass ratios of FSS increase the seismic performance of the stiff structure. A design methodology is proposed to measure the spectral acceleration of the primary structure by incorporating the effect of FSS in the design response spectrum. An analysis of the tuning frequency ratio and mass ratio on the modified design spectrum is also presented. Finally, the proposed design methodology is validated with an existing study.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all of the following data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request:
•
MATLAB codes;
•
Earthquake data; and
•
SAP2000 models.
References
ASCE. 2016. Minimum design loads and associated criteria for buildings and other structures. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Bazzurro, P., F. Mollaioli, A. De Sortis, and S. Bruno. 2006. “Effects of masonry walls on the seismic risk of reinforced concrete frame buildings.” In Proc., 8th US National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering. Oakland, CA: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.
Belleri, A., S. Labò, A. Marini, and P. Riva. 2017. “The influence of overhead cranes in the seismic performance of industrial buildings.” Front. Built Environ. 3 (Nov): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2017.00064.
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards). 2002. Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures. IS 1893. New Delhi, India: BIS.
Challagulla, S. P., C. Parimi, and J. Anmala. 2020a. “Prediction of spectral acceleration of a light structure with a flexible secondary system using artificial neural networks.” Int. J. Struct. Eng. 10 (4): 353–379. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSTRUCTE.2020.109857.
Challagulla, S. P., C. Parimi, S. C. Mohan, and E. N. Farsangi. 2020b. “Seismic response of building structures with sliding non-structural elements.” Int. J. Eng. 33 (2): 205–212. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2020.33.02b.04.
Challagulla, S. P., C. Parimi, S. Pradeep, and E. N. Farsangi. 2021. “Estimation of dynamic design parameters for buildings with multiple sliding non-structural elements using machine learning.” Int. J. Struct. Eng. 11 (2): 147–172. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSTRUCTE.2021.114262.
Challagulla, S. P., C. Parimi, and P. K. Thiruvikraman. 2020c. “Effect of the sliding of stacked live loads on the seismic response of structures.” Eng. J. 24 (4): 97–110. https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2020.24.4.97.
Chandel, V. S., and I. Yamini Sreevalli. 2019. “Numerical study on influence of masonry infill in an RC frame.” Asian J. Civ. Eng. 20 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-018-0083-7.
Dai, J., Z.-D. Xu, P.-P. Gai, and H.-W. Li. 2020. “Effect of frequency dependence of large mass ratio viscoelastic tuned mass damper on seismic performance of structures.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 130 (Mar): 105998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105998.
de Barros, R. C., and C. M. A. Sousa. 2017. “Pendulum TMD’s in building vibration control.” In CONTROLO 2016, 559–569. New York: Springer.
Devin, A., and P. Fanning. 2011. “Non-load bearing elements and their contribution to a structure’s dynamic response.” In Experimental vibration analysis for civil engineering structures (EVACES 2011). Milan, Italy: Polytechnic Univ. of Milan.
Dolšek, M., and P. Fajfar. 2008. “The effect of masonry infills on the seismic response of a four-storey reinforced concrete frame—A deterministic assessment.” Eng. Struct. 30 (7): 1991–2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.01.001.
Erdem, M. M., E. Emsen, and M. Bikçe. 2021. “Experimental and numerical investigation of new flexible connection elements between infill walls-RC frames.” Constr. Build. Mater. 296 (Aug): 123605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123605.
Ha, S. I., and G. H. Yoon. 2021. “Numerical and experimental studies of pendulum dynamic vibration absorber for structural vibration.” J. Vib. Acoust. 143 (1): 011013. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4046951.
Huang, C., L.-S. Huo, H. G. Gao, and H.-N. Li. 2018. “Control performance of suspended mass pendulum with the consideration of out-of-plane vibrations.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 25 (9): e2217. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2217.
Huff, T. 2020. “Importance of target spectrum basis in earthquake ground motion scaling.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 25 (1): 04019034. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000461.
Huo, L., C. Huang, Y. Zhang, and H. Li. 2021. “A passive adaptive suspended mass pendulum to compensate detuning due to large swing angle.” Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. 21 (9): 2150123. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455421501236.
Jalaeefar, A., and A. Zargar. 2020. “Effect of infill walls on behavior of reinforced concrete special moment frames under seismic sequences.” Structures 28 (Dec): 766–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.09.029.
Jangid, R. S. 1999. “Optimum multiple tuned mass dampers for base-excited undamped system.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 28 (9): 1041–1049. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199909)28:9%3C1041::AID-EQE853%3E3.0.CO;2-E.
Kang, Y.-J., L.-Y. Peng, P. Pan, H.-S. Wang, and G. Q. Xiao. 2020. “Seismic performances of a structure equipped with a large mass ratio multiple tuned mass damper.” Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build. 29 (17): e1803. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1803.
Layadi, I., A. Messabhia, J.-P. Plassiard, and O. Ple. 2020. “The effect of masonry infill walls on the reinforced concrete frames behavior under lateral load.” J. Mater. Eng. Struct. 7 (1): 125–140.
Li, B., C. F. Duffield, and G. L. Hutchinson. 2009. “The influence of non-structural components on the serviceability performance of high-rise buildings.” Aust. J. Struct. Eng. 10 (1): 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2009.11465032.
Lim, E., X. Qin, and N. Chouw. 2015. “Dynamic interaction of a primary-secondary system considering soil-structure interaction.” In Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering. London: International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering.
Lu, Z., D. Wang, and P. Li. 2014. “Comparison study of vibration control effects between suspended tuned mass damper and particle damper.” Shock Vib. 2014 (Jul): 903780. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/903780.
Mallikarjun, P. V., J. Pravin, K. Pardeep, and M. Vasant. 2015. “Performance of seismic base-isolated building for secondary system protection under real earthquakes.” In Advances in structural engineering, 1353–1363. New York: Springer.
Matta, E., and A. De Stefano. 2009. “Robust design of mass-uncertain rolling-pendulum TMDs for the seismic protection of buildings.” Mech. Syst. Sig. Process. 23 (1): 127–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2007.08.012.
Matta, E., and A. De Stefano. 2015. “Model calibration in the presence of resonant non-structural elements.” J. Civ. Struct. Health Monit. 5 (1): 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13349-014-0096-1.
Mohammadi, J., and A. Zamani Heydari. 2008. “Seismic and wind load considerations for temporary structures.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 13 (3): 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0680(2008)13:3(128).
Morfidis, K., and K. Kostinakis. 2017. “The role of masonry infills on the damage response of R/C buildings subjected to seismic sequences.” Eng. Struct. 131 (Jan): 459–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.10.039.
Nagase, T., and T. Hisatoku. 1992. “Tuned-pendulum mass damper installed in crystal tower.” Struct. Des. Tall Build. 1 (1): 35–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.4320010105.
Peng, L.-Y., Y.-J. Kang, Z.-R. Lai, and Y.-K. Deng. 2018. “Optimization and damping performance of a coal-fired power plant building equipped with multiple coal bucket dampers.” Adv. Civ. Eng. 2018: 7015019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7015019.
Pisal, A. Y., and R. S. Jangid. 2016. “Dynamic response of structure with tuned mass friction damper.” Int. J. Adv. Struct. Eng. 8 (4): 363–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40091-016-0136-7.
Rahem, A., Y. Djarir, L. Noureddineb, and B. Tayeb. 2021. “Effect of masonry infill walls with openings on nonlinear response of steel frames.” Civ. Eng. J. 7 (2): 278–291. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091653.
Setareh, M., J. K. Ritchey, A. J. Baxter, and T. M. Murray. 2006. “Pendulum tuned mass dampers for floor vibration control.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 20 (1): 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2006)20:1(64).
Shu, Z., S. Li, X. Sun, and M. He. 2019. “Performance-based seismic design of a pendulum tuned mass damper system.” J. Earthquake Eng. 23 (2): 334–355. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2017.1323042.
Shu, Z., S. Li, J. Zhang, and M. He. 2017. “Optimum seismic design of a power plant building with pendulum tuned mass damper system by its heavy suspended buckets.” Eng. Struct. 136 (Apr): 114–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.01.010.
Taghavi, S., and E. Miranda. 2008. “Effect of interaction between primary and secondary systems on floor response spectra.” In Proc., 14th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 12–17. Tokyo: International Association for Earthquake Engineering.
Tahamouliroudsari, M., M. Kahrizi, M. Torkaman, K. Asvar, K. M. Rezaee, M. Azizpour, B. Dolatiari, and A. Gholami. Forthcoming. “Experimental study of parameters affecting the behavior of moment-Resisting steel frames including masonry infill walls.” J. Struct. Constr. Eng.
Taheri, A., and F. Behnamfar. 2011. “Interaction of connected single-degree-of-freedom systems.” Procedia Eng. 14 (Jan): 3059–3068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.385.
Vatanshenas, A. 2017. “Investigation of PTMD system affected by Parkfield near-field earthquake.” Mod. Appl. Sci. 11 (4): 70. https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n4p70.
Wararuksajja, W., J. Srechai, and S. Leelataviwat. 2020. “Seismic design of RC moment-resisting frames with concrete block infill walls considering local infill-frame interactions.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 18 (14): 6445–6474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00942-9.
Wei, W., A. Dai, Y.-L. Pi, and M. A. Bradford. 2016. “Investigations on the seismic responses of structures with a suspended mass.” Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. 16 (2): 1550066. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455415500662.
Wijaya, H., P. Rajeev, E. Gad, and A. Amirsardari. 2020. “Effect of infill-wall material types and modeling techniques on the seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings.” Nat. Hazard. Rev. 21 (3): 04020031. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000395.
Xu, K., X. Hua, W. Lacarbonara, Z. Huang, and Z. Chen. 2021. “Exploration of the nonlinear effect of pendulum tuned mass dampers on vibration control.” J. Eng. Mech. 147 (8): 04021047. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001961.
Yahyai, M., L. Zebarjad, M. Head, and M. Shokouhian. 2019. “Optimum parameters for large mass ratio TMDs using frequency response function.” J. Earthquake Eng. 25 (10): 2127–2146. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2019.1624228.
Ye, Z., and G. Wu. 2017. “Optimal lateral aseismic performance analysis of mega-substructure system with modularized secondary structures.” Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build. 26 (17): e1387. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1387.
Yucel, M., G. Bekdaş, S. M. Nigdeli, and S. Sevgen. 2019. “Estimation of optimum tuned mass damper parameters via machine learning.” J. Build. Eng. 26 (Nov): 100847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100847.
Zhang, P., L. Ren, H. Li, Z. Jia, and T. Jiang. 2015. “Control of wind-induced vibration of transmission tower-line system by using a spring pendulum.” Math. Probl. Eng. 2015: 671632. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/671632.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 27 • Issue 1 • February 2022
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 10, 2020
Accepted: Aug 8, 2021
Published online: Sep 25, 2021
Published in print: Feb 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Feb 25, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Rudroneel Manna, Said Elias, Vasant Matsagar, Response of Base-Isolated Building with Secondary System under Earthquakes and Pulse-Type Ground Motions, Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 10.1061/PPSCFX.SCENG-1504, 29, 4, (2024).