Enhancing the Structural Performance of RC Beam-Column Joints Using a Novel Optimized Stochastic Lattice Structure
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 26, Issue 4
Abstract
Beam-column (BC) joints play an important role in the seismic performance of moment-resisting RC frame structures. Several techniques have been suggested to improve the seismic efficiency of BC joints, but these techniques have been criticized for being labor-intensive and/or vulnerable to premature debonding. To overcome these deficiencies, a novel stochastic lattice structure is proposed in this work to improve the shear-deficient RC BC joints. The optimization procedure was carried out for different shapes of stochastic lattice structures that give the maximum shear capacity, and the shear capacity is compared with the designed exterior standard beam-column joint. The expression for shear capacity of the stochastic lattice structure was formulated by considering a unit cell of 10 mm length. The maximum shear capacities of the triangle, hexagon, and pentagon shapes were obtained by varying the cell angle and length. The results of different cell shapes were compared with the allowable shear stress of designed beam-column joints. In addition to the optimization procedure, three-dimensional (3D) finite-element (FE) models were developed to study the behavior of the joints using the optimized stochastic lattice in the joint core. Compared with the control specimen, the beam-column joints with the proposed lattice give much better performance in terms of cumulative energy dissipation, lateral stiffness, joint shear deformation, and angle of beam rotation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request:
•
MATLAB codes, and
•
ABAQUS models.
References
Ahmadi, S., S. Yavari, R. Wauthle, B. Pouran, J. Schrooten, H. Weinans, and A. Zadpoor. 2015. “Additively manufactured open-cell porous biomaterials made from six different space-filling unit cells: The mechanical and morphological properties.” Materials 8 (4): 1871–1896. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8041871.
Asha, P., and R. Sundararajan. 2017. “Effect of confinement on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete exterior beam-column joints.” Aust. J. Struct. Eng. 19 (1): 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2017.1379144.
Ashby, M. F., and L. Gibson. 1997. Cellular solids: Structure and properties. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Birman, V., and G. A. Kardomateas. 2018. “Review of current trends in research and applications of sandwich structures.” Composites, Part B 142 (Jun): 221–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.01.027.
BSI (Bureau of Indian Standards). 2000. Indian standard plain and reinforced concrete code of practice. IS 456. New Delhi, India: BSI.
BSI (Bureau of Indian Standards). 2016. Indian standard ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic forces. IS 13920. New Delhi, India: BSI.
Cho, J. Y., N. S. Kim, N. S. Cho, and Y. S. Choun. 2004. “Stress-strain relationship of reinforced concrete subjected to biaxial tension.” ACI Struct. J. 101 (2): 202–208. https://doi.org/10.14359/13017.
Chourasia, A., and S. Gupta. 2019. “Influential parameters for headed bars in RC beam-column joint.” Curr. Sci. 116 (10): 1666. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v116/i10/1666-1673.
Côté, F., V. S. Deshpande, N. A. Fleck, and A. G. Evans. 2006. “The compressive and shear responses of corrugated and diamond lattice materials.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 43 (20): 6220–6242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.07.045.
Dabiri, H., A. Kaviani, and A. Kheyroddin. 2020. “Influence of reinforcement on the performance of non-seismically detailed RC beam-column joints.” J. Build. Eng. 31 (Sep): 101333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101333.
Guo, R., R. Liu, W. Jiang, K. Chen, J. Zhang, F. Huang, and X. Sun. 2011. “Numerical analysis on static mechanical properties of the periodic multilayer lattice material.” Engineering 3 (12): 1149–1154. https://doi.org/10.4236/eng.2011.312143.
Harris, J. A., R. E. Winter, and G. J. McShane. 2017. “Impact response of additively manufactured metallic hybrid lattice materials.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 104 (Jun): 177–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.02.007.
Hasan, R., R. A. W. Mines, E. Shen, S. Tsopanos, W. J. Cantwell, W. Brooks, and C. J. Sutcliffe. 2010. “Comparison of the drop weight impact performance of sandwich panels with aluminium honeycomb and titanium alloy micro lattice cores.” Appl. Mech. Mater. 24–25 (Jun): 413–418. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.24-25.413.
Hedayati, R., M. Sadighi, M. Mohammadi-Aghdam, and A. A. Zadpoor. 2016. “Mechanics of additively manufactured porous biomaterials based on the rhombicuboctahedron unit cell.” J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 53 (Jan): 272–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.07.013.
Hong, K. 1978. “Behavior of composite beam-to-column joint under cyclic loadings.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Carleton Univ.
Hu, H.-T., and W. C. Schnobrich. 1991. “Nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete plates and shells under monotonic loading.” Comput. Struct. 38 (5–6): 637–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(91)90015-E.
Ingle, R. K., and S. K. Jain. 2005. “Explanatory examples for ductile detailing of RC buildings.” IITK-GSDMA Project Rep. on Building Codes. Kanpur, India: Indian Institute of Technology.
Leung, H. Y., and C. J. Burgoyne. 2005. “The uniaxial stress-strain relationship of spirally confined concrete.” ACI Mater. J. 102 (6): 445. https://doi.org/10.14359/14808.
Li, W., D. Wang, and C. Liu. 2013. “System identification of large flexible appendage on satellite for autonomous control.” In Proc., 2013 10th IEEE Int. Conf. on Control and Automation (ICCA). Red Hook, NY: Curran Associates. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca.2013.6565111.
Meza, L. R., S. Das, and J. R. Greer. 2014. “Strong, lightweight, and recoverable three-dimensional ceramic nanolattices.” Science 345 (6202): 1322–1326. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255908.
Mukhopadhyay, T., and S. Adhikari. 2017. “Effective in-plane elastic moduli of quasi-random spatially irregular hexagonal lattices.” Int. J. Eng. Sci. 119 (Oct): 142–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2017.06.004.
Murad, Y. 2020. “Joint shear strength models for exterior RC beam-column connections exposed to biaxial and uniaxial cyclic loading.” J. Build. Eng. 30 (Jul): 101225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101225.
Najafgholipour, M. A., S. M. Dehghan, A. Dooshabi, and A. Niroomandi. 2017. “Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete beam-column connections with governing joint shear failure mode.” Latin Am. J. Solids Struct. 14 (7): 1200–1225. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78253682.
Patil, S. S., and S. S. Manekari. 2013. “A study of R.C.C. beam-column connection subjected to monotonic loading.” Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol. 2 (13): 125–131. https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0213022.
Pimanmas, A., and P. Chaimahawan. 2010. “Shear strength of beam–column joint with enlarged joint area.” Eng. Struct. 32 (9): 2529–2545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.04.021.
Pimanmas, A., and P. Chaimahawan. 2011. “Cyclic shear resistance of expanded beam-column joint.” Procedia Eng. 14 (12): 1292–1299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.162.
Ptochos, E., and G. Labeas. 2012. “Shear modulus determination of cuboid metallic open-lattice cellular structures by analytical, numerical and homogenisation methods.” Strain 48 (5): 415–429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.2012.00837.x.
Rahman, R., S. Dirar, Y. Jemaa, M. Theofanous, and M. Elshafie. 2018. “Experimental behavior and design of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints strengthened with embedded bars.” J. Compos. Constr. 22 (6): 04018047. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000883.
Sallih, N., P. Lescher, and D. Bhattacharyya. 2018. “Flatwise compressive properties of kenaf/polypropylene honeycomb core.” In Vol. 370 of Proc., IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 012031. Bristol, UK: Institute of Physics. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/370/1/012031.
Sikdar, S., and S. Banerjee. 2016. “Identification of disbond and high density core region in a honeycomb composite sandwich structure using ultrasonic guided waves.” Compos. Struct. 152 (Sep): 568–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.05.064.
Sung-Gul, H., C. Sung-Chul, L. Sung-Ho, and B. Oh. 2007. “Strut-and-tie model for development of headed bars in exterior beam-column joint.” ACI Struct. J. 104 (5): 590–600. https://doi.org/10.14359/18861.
Tanlak, N., D. F. De Lange, and W. Van Paepegem. 2017. “Numerical prediction of the printable density range of lattice structures for additive manufacturing.” Mater. Des. 133 (Nov): 549–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.08.007.
Ullah, I., M. Brandt, and S. Feih. 2016. “Failure and energy absorption characteristics of advanced 3D truss core structures.” Mater. Des. 92 (Feb): 937–948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.12.058.
Xiong, J., Y. Du, D. Mousanezhad, M. Eydani Asl, J. Norato, and A. Vaziri. 2018. “Sandwich structures with prismatic and foam cores: A review.” Adv. Eng. Mater. 21 (1): 1800036. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201800036.
Zhang, P., M. Karimpour, D. Balint, and J. Lin. 2012. “Three-dimensional virtual grain structure generation with grain size control.” Mech. Mater. 55 (Dec): 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2012.08.005.
Zhao, W., H. Yang, J. Chen, and P. Sun. 2019. “A proposed model for nonlinear analysis of RC beam-column joints under seismic loading.” Eng. Struct. 180 (Feb): 829–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.09.068.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 26 • Issue 4 • November 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 1, 2020
Accepted: Apr 20, 2021
Published online: Jul 16, 2021
Published in print: Nov 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Dec 16, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.