Tuned Sloshing Dampers in Tall Buildings: A Practical Performance-Based Design Approach
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 26, Issue 3
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly common to employ tuned sloshing damper (TSD) systems to reduce the wind-induced motion of tall buildings due to their affordability and apparent simplicity. However, TSD systems are relatively new to the high-rise construction industry, and, due to their unfamiliarity, design and construction teams may perceive these devices as having considerable risk. Since the implementation of these systems requires a performance-based design approach (rather than a prescriptive approach) to ensure serviceability performance objectives are achieved, knowledge of their function and operation is paramount to their efficient design and installation. The goal of this study is to reduce the perceived risks by describing the function of TSDs, as well as the practical aspects of the design and installation process. The process is described in four phases: concept design, detailed design, construction, and tuning and commissioning. The key tasks associated with each phase are defined and common challenges identified. This paper does not present new theory to further advance the TSD research; instead, it summarizes current theory and presents practical guidance accumulated from years of experience with the design, installation, and as-built performance verification of many TSD systems.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
No data, models, or code were generated or used during the study.
References
ASCE. 2017. Minimum design loads and associated criteria for buildings and other structures.”. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Campbell, S., K. C. S. Kwok, P. A. Hitchcock, K. T. Tse, and H. Y. Leung. 2007. “Field measurements of natural periods of vibration and structural damping of wind-excited tall residential buildings.” Wind Struct. 10 (5): 401–420. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2007.10.5.401.
Caughey, T. K. 1963. “Equivalent linearization techniques.” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 35 (11): 1706–1711. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1918794.
Cruz, C., and E. Miranda. 2017. “Damping ratios in tall buildings inferred from instrumented tall buildings in California.” In Proc., 2017 Int. Workshop on Performance-Based Seismic Design of Structures. Shanghai, China: Tongji Univ.
Faltinsen, O. M., R. Firoozkoohi, and A. N. Timokha. 2011. “Steady-state liquid sloshing in a rectangular tank with a slat-type screen in the middle: Quasilinear modal analysis and experiments.” Phys. Fluids 23 (4): 042101. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3562310.
Faltinsen, O. M., O. F. Rognebakke, I. A. Lukovsky, and A. N. Timokha. 2000. “Multidimensional modal analysis of nonlinear sloshing in a rectangular tank with finite water depth.” J. Fluid Mech. 407 (Mar): 201–234. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112099007569.
Faltinsen, O. M., and A. N. Timokha. 2009. Sloshing. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Fu, J. Y., Q. S. Li, J. Wu, Y. Q. Xiao, and L. L. Song. 2008. “Field measurements of boundary layer wind characteristics and wind-induced responses of super-tall buildings.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 96 (8–9): 1332–1358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.03.004.
Galsworthy, J., J. Kilpatrick, and D. Kelly. 2016. “Form follows physics.” In Structure magazine, 10–13. Chicago: National Council of Structural Engineer Associations.
Griffis, L. 1993. “Serviceability limit states under wind load.” Eng. J. Am. Inst. Steel Constr. 30 (1): 1–16.
Housner, G. W., L. A. Bergman, T. K. Caughey, A. G. Chassiakos, R. O. Claus, S. F. Masri, R. E. Skelton, T. T. Soong, B. F. Spencer, and J. T. P. Yao. 1997. “Structural control: Past, present, and future.” J. Eng. Mech. 123 (9): 897–971. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1997)123:9(897).
Igusa, T., and K. Xu. 1994. “Vibration control using multiple tuned mass dampers.” J. Sound Vib. 175 (4): 491–503. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1994.1341.
Irwin, P., R. Denoon, and D. Scott. 2013. Wind tunnel testing of high-rise buildings. Cambridge, UK: Routledge.
Irwin, P., J. Garber, and E. Ho. 2005. “Integration of wind tunnel data with full scale wind climate.” In Proc., 10th Americas Conf. on Wind Engineering. Kanagawa, Japan: International Association for Wind Engineering.
Irwin, P., and B. Myslimaj. 2008. “Practical experience with wind-tunnel predicted tall building motions.” IABSE Congress Rep. 17 (13): 296–297.
Irwin, P. A., and V. L. Sifton. 1998. “Risk considerations for internal pressures.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 77–78 (Sep): 715–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00186-X.
ISO. 2007. Bases for design of structures—Serviceability of buildings and walkways against vibrations. Geneva: ISO.
Kareem, A., T. Kijewski, and Y. Tamura. 1999. “Mitigation of motions of tall buildings with specific examples of recent applications.” Wind Struct. 2 (3): 201–251. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.1999.2.3.201.
Lago, A., D. Trabucco, and A. Wood. 2018. Damping technologies for tall buildings: Theory, design guidance and case studies. Cambridge, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Lepelletier, T. G., and F. Raichlen. 1988. “Nonlinear oscillations in rectangular tanks.” J. Eng. Mech. 114 (1): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1988)114:1(1).
Love, J. S., and T. C. Haskett. 2018. “Nonlinear modelling of tuned sloshing dampers with large internal obstructions: Damping and frequency effects.” J. Fluids Struct. 79 (May): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2018.01.012.
Love, J. S., and T. C. Haskett. 2019. “Full-scale performance evaluation of structure-dynamic vibration absorber systems.” In Proc., 2019 IABSE Congress. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association of Bridge and Structural Engineers.
Love, J. S., T. C. Haskett, and B. Morava. 2018a. “Effectiveness of dynamic vibration absorbers implemented in tall buildings.” Eng. Struct. 176 (Sep): 776–784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.09.050.
Love, J. S., D. Li, and X. Du. 2018b. “Tuning fire suppression tanks for tuned sloshing damper applications.” In Proc., 7th World Conf. on Structural Control and Monitoring. Los Angeles: International Association for Structural Control and Monitoring.
Love, J. S., K. P. McNamara, M. J. Tait, and T. C. Haskett. 2020a. “Tuned sloshing dampers with large rectangular core penetrations.” J. Vib. Acoust. 142 (Dec): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4046804.
Love, J. S., B. Morava, and A. W. Smith. 2020b. “Monitoring of a tall building equipped with an efficient multiple-tuned sloshing damper system.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 25 (3): 05020003. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000481.
Love, J. S., and M. J. Tait. 2010. “Nonlinear simulation of a tuned liquid damper with damping screens using a modal expansion technique.” J. Fluids Struct. 26 (7–8): 1058–1077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2010.07.004.
Love, J. S., and M. J. Tait. 2013. “Parametric depth ratio study on tuned liquid dampers: Fluid modelling and experimental work.” In Computers & fluids, 13–26. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Love, J. S., and M. J. Tait. 2015. “Multiple tuned liquid dampers for efficient and robust structural control.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (12): 04015045. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001290.
Love, J. S., and M. J. Tait. 2017. “Estimating the added effective damping of SDOF systems incorporating multiple dynamic vibration absorbers with nonlinear damping.” In Engineering structures, 154–161. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
McNamara, R. J. 1977. “Tuned mass dampers for buildings.” J. Struct. Div. 103 (9): 1785–1798. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0004721.
Méhauté, B. 1976. An Introduction to Hydrodynamics and Water Waves. Berlin: Springer.
Miles, J. W. 1967. “Surface-wave damping in closed basins.” Proc. R. Soc. London 297 (1451): 459–475. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1967.0081.
Morava, B., T. Haskett, and A. Smith. 2012. “Enhancing the serviceability performance of tall buildings using supplemental damping systems.” Ingegneria Sismica 29 (1): 60–70.
Morison, J. R., J. W. Johnson, and S. A. Schaaf. 1950. “The force exerted by surface waves on piles.” J. Pet. Technol. 2 (5): 149–154. https://doi.org/10.2118/950149-G.
Ross, A. S., A. A. El Damatty, and A. M. El Ansary. 2015. “Application of tuned liquid dampers in controlling the torsional vibration of high rise buildings.” Wind Struct. 21 (5): 537–564. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.21.5.537.
Satake, N., K. Suda, T. Arakawa, A. Sasaki, and Y. Tamura. 2003. “Damping evaluation using full-scale data of buildings in Japan.” J. Struct. Eng. 129 (4): 470–477. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:4(470).
Smith, R., R. Merello, and M. Willford. 2010. “Intrinsic and supplementary damping in tall buildings.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. 163 (2): 111–118. https://doi.org/10.1680/stbu.2010.163.2.111.
Soong, T. T., and G. Dargush. 1997. Passive energy dissipation systems in structural engineering. New York: Wiley.
Sun, L. M., and Y. Fujino. 1994. “A semi-analytical model for tuned liquid damper (TLD) with wave breaking.” J. Fluids Struct. 8 (5): 471–488. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfls.1994.1023.
Tait, M. J. 2008. “Modelling and preliminary design of a structure-TLD system.” Eng. Struct. 30 (10): 2644–2655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.02.017.
Tait, M. J., A. A. El Damatty, N. Isyumov, and M. R. Siddique. 2005. “Numerical flow models to simulate tuned liquid dampers (TLD) with slat screens.” J. Fluids Struct. 20 (8): 1007–1023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2005.04.004.
Tait, M. J., N. Isyumov, and A. A. El Damatty. 2007. “Effectiveness of a 2D TLD and Its numerical modeling.” J. Struct. Eng. 133 (2): 251–263. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:2(251).
Tamboli, A. R. 2014. Tall and supertall buildings: Planning and design. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Vickery, B. J., N. Isyumov, and A. G. Davenport. 1983. “The role of damping, mass and stiffness in the reduction of wind effects on structures.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 11 (1–3): 285–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(83)90107-1.
Warburton, G. B. 1982. “Optimum absorber parameters for various combinations of response and excitation parameters.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 10 (3): 381–401. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290100304.
Warnitchai, P., and T. Pinkaew. 1998. “Modelling of liquid sloshing in rectangular tanks with flow-dampening devices.” Eng. Struct. 20 (7): 593–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00068-0.
Wirsching, P. H., T. L. Paez, and K. Ortiz. 1995. Random vibrations: Theory and practice. New York: Dover Publications.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 26 • Issue 3 • August 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 1, 2020
Accepted: Feb 19, 2021
Published online: Apr 21, 2021
Published in print: Aug 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Sep 21, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.