Selection of Residential Building Design Requirements to Achieve Community Functionality Goals under Tornado Loading
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 25, Issue 1
Abstract
An essential aspect of community disaster recovery planning is understanding the recovery process and developing appropriate probability-based recovery simulation tools to account for interdependent systems of lifeline networks (i.e., water, electrical power, and transportation systems) with the building infrastructure. The objective of this study is to illustrate selection of residential design code changes that are needed to achieve the recovery goals of a virtual community. In the present illustration, the community goals are expressed in terms of functionality of the built environment. This paper focuses only on the electric power network and building clusters subjected to tornado loads. A single combination of design changes selected from three alternatives is demonstrated to achieve the functionality goals at key points in time during the recovery process.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Funding for this study was provided as part of the cooperative agreement 70NANB15H044 between the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Colorado State University. This financial support is gratefully acknowledged. Partial funding for the third author was also provided through the Zachry Department of Civil Engineering at Texas A&M University.
References
Cusack, C. A., and D. A. Santos. 2018. An active introduction to discrete mathematics and algorithms: Version 2.6.3. Boston: Free Software Foundation.
Ellingwood, B. R., H. Cutler, P. Gardoni, W. G. Peacock, J. W. van de Lindt, and N. Naiyu Wang. 2016. “The Centerville virtual community: A fully integrated decision model of interacting physical and social infrastructure systems.” Sustainable Resilient Infrastruct. 1 (3–4): 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2016.1255000.
Guidotti, R., H. Chmielewski, V. Unniskrishnan, P. Gardoni, T. McAllister, and J. van de Lindt. 2016. “Modeling the resilience of critical infrastructure: The role of network dependencies.” Sustainable Resilient Infrastruct. 1 (3–4): 153–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2016.1254999.
Koliou, M., H. Masoomi, and J. W. van de Lindt. 2017. “Performance assessment of tilt-up big-box buildings subjected to extreme hazards: Tornadoes and earthquakes.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 31 (5): 04017060. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001059.
Koliou, M., and J. W. van de Lindt. Forthcoming. “Development of building restoration functions for use in community recovery planning to tornadoes.” Nat. Hazards Rev. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000361.
Koliou, M., J. W. van de Lindt, T. P. McAllister, B. R. Ellingwood, M. Dillard, and H. Cutler. 2018. “State of the research in community resilience: Progress and challenges.” Sustainable Resilient Infrastruct. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2017.1418547.
Masoomi, H., M. R. Ameri, and J. W. van de Lindt. 2018. “Wind performance enhancement strategies for residential wood-frame buildings.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 32 (3): 04018024. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001172.
Masoomi, H., and J. W. van de Lindt. 2016. “Tornado fragility and risk assessment of an archetype masonry school building.” Eng. Struct. 128 (Dec): 26–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.09.030.
Masoomi, H., and J. W. van de Lindt. 2017a. “Restoration and functionality assessment of a community subjected to tornado hazard.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 14 (3): 275–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2017.1354030.
Masoomi, H., and J. W. van de Lindt. 2017b. “Tornado community level spatial damage prediction including pressure deficit modeling.” Sustainable Resilient Infrastruct. 2 (4): 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2017.1345254.
Memari, M., N. Attary, H. Masoomi, H. Mahmoud, J. W. van de Lindt, S. F. Pilkington, and M. R. Ameri. 2018. “Minimal building fragility portfolio for damage assessment of communities subjected to tornadoes.” J. Struct. Eng. 144 (7): 04018072. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002047.
Mensah, A. F., and L. Dueñas-Osorio. 2016. “Efficient resilience assessment framework for electric power systems affected by hurricane events.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (8): C4015013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001423.
Mieler, M., B. Stojadinovic, R. Budnitz, M. Comerio, and S. Mahin. 2015. “A framework for linking community resilience goals to specific performance targets for the built environment.” Earthquake Spectra 31 (3): 1267–1283. https://doi.org/10.1193/082213EQS237M.
Miles, S. B. 2011. “The role of critical infrastructure in community resilience to disasters.” In Proc., ASCE Structures Congress 2011. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Miles, S. B., and S. E. Chang. 2006. “Modeling community recovery from earthquakes.” Earthquake Spectra 22 (2): 439–458. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2192847.
National Academies Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy. 2012. Disaster resilience: A national imperative—Summary. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). 2013. Developing guidelines and standards for disaster resilience of the built environment: A research needs assessment. Gaithersburg, MD: NIST.
NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). 2016. Community resilience planning guide for buildings and infrastructures systems. Gaithersburg, MD: NIST.
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) National Centers for Environmental Information. 2017. “State of the climate: Tornadoes for annual 2017.” Accessed October 10, 2018. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/tornadoes/201713.
Ouyang, M., and L. Dueñas-Osorio. 2014. “Multi-dimensional hurricane resilience assessment of electric power systems.” Struct. Saf. 48 (May): 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2014.01.001.
PPD-21 (Presidential Policy Directive-21). 2013. Critical infrastructure security and resilience. Washington, DC: Office of the Press Secretary.
Russell, S. J., and P. Norvig. 1995. Artificial intelligence: A modern approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Sharma, N., A. Tabandeh, and P. Gardoni. 2017. “Resilience analysis: A mathematical formulation to model resilience of engineering systems.” Sustainable Resilient Infrastruct. 3 (2): 49–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2017.1345257.
Standohar-Alfano, C. D., and J. W. van de Lindt. 2014. “Empirically based probabilistic tornado hazard analysis of the United States using 1973–2011 data.” Nat. Hazard. Rev. 16 (1): 04014013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000138.
Unnikrishnan, V. U., and J. W. van de Lindt. 2016. “Probabilistic framework for performance assessment of electrical power networks to tornadoes.” Sustainable Resilient Infrastruct. 1 (3–4): 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2016.1254998.
Zhang, W., and C. Nicholson. 2016. “A multi-objective optimization model for retrofit strategies to mitigate direct economic loss and population dislocation.” Sustainable Resilient Infrastruct. 1 (3–4): 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2016.1254995.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 25 • Issue 1 • February 2020
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 20, 2019
Accepted: Aug 19, 2019
Published online: Oct 23, 2019
Published in print: Feb 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Mar 23, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.