Comparison of Foundation Design Specifications for Vibratory Machines
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 21, Issue 3
Abstract
Criteria for designing foundations for vibrating equipment come from published standards, recommended practices, internal company standards, and manufacturer requirements. The criteria from one source to another can vary significantly by including or omitting specific design recommendations or by providing different values for prescribed limitations. A comparison of amplitude criteria and several discussions of different practices and approaches can be found in ACI 351.3R, Foundations for Dynamic Equipment. With an update of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) report in progress, this paper provides updated comparative data between selected currently published and company specifications. Criterion topics include when a dynamic analysis is required, machine vibration limits, human vibration limits, resonant frequency range, geotechnical impedance calculation methods, and foundation sizing criteria. In addition, the background and merits of specific criteria are discussed in the paper to provide some insights on the development of criteria. The information herein provides a frame of reference for what design criteria are considered industry standard. Permissible amplitude figures are provided for users to compare with their proposed project specifications. Several recommendations for the development of project specifications are included.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2004). “Foundations for dynamic equipment.” ACI 351.3R-94, Farmington Hills, MI.
ANSI (American National Standards Institute). (2012). “Guide to the evaluation of human exposure to vibration in buildings.” ANSI S2.71-1983, Washington, DC.
API (American Petroleum Institute). (2009). “Recommended practice for machinery installation and installation design.” API RP 686, 2nd Ed., Washington, DC.
Arya, S. C., Pincus, G., and O'Neill, M. W. (1979). Design of structures and foundations for vibrating machines, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston.
Barkan, D. D. (1962). Dynamics of bases and foundations, McGraw-Hill, New York.
British Standards Institute. (1974). “Code of practice for foundations for machinery, Part 1: Foundations for reciprocating machines.” CP 2012-1, London.
British Standards Institute. (1995). “Mechanical vibration—Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts—Part 1: General guidelines.” BS ISO 10816-1, Amendment 1, London.
British Standards Institute. (1997). “Mechanical vibration and shock—Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration, Part 1: General requirements.” BS ISO 2631-1, 2nd Ed., London.
Bureau of Indian Standards. (1979). “Code of practice for design and construction of machine foundations, foundation for rotary type machines of low frequency.” IS 2974 (Part 4) (reaffirmed 2000), New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards. (1980). “Code of practice for design and construction of machine foundations, foundation for impact type machines (hammer foundations).” IS 2974 (Part 2), New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards. (1982). “Code of practice for design and construction of machine foundations.” IS 2974 (Part 1), Foundation for reciprocating type machines, New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards. (1987). “Code of practice for design and construction of machine foundations, foundation for impact machines other than hammer (forging and stamping press, pig breaker, drop crusher, and jolter).” IS 2974 (Part 5), New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards. (1992). “Code of practice for design and construction of machine foundations, foundation for rotary type machines (medium and high frequency).” IS 2974 (Part 3), New Delhi, India.
El-Marsafawi, H., Han, Y. C., and Novak, M. (1992). “Dynamic experiments on two pile groups.” J. Geotech. Eng., 576–592.
Fang, H.-Y. (1991). Foundation engineering handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
German Institute for Standardization. (1988). “Machine foundations, flexible structures that support machines with rotating elements.” DIN 4024-1, Berlin.
German Institute for Standardization. (1991). “Machine foundations, rigid structures for machinery subject to periodic vibration.” DIN 4024-2, Berlin.
Gosstroy. (2012). “Foundations of dynamic load machines.” SP 26.13330.2012, Moscow.
Murray, T. M., Allen, D. E., and Ungar, E. E. (1997). “Steel design guide series 11, floor vibrations due to human activity.” American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago.
PIP (Process Industry Practices) (2007). “Structural design criteria.” PIP STC01015, Austin, TX.
Puri, V. K. (1988). “Observed and predicted natural frequency of a pile foundation.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, Univ. of Missouri-Rolla, St. Louis.
State Bureau of Technology Supervision and Ministry of Construction. (1996). “Code of design of dynamic machine foundations.” GB 50040, Bejing.
Verlag des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure. (1964). “Standard of evaluating the mechanical vibration of machines.” VDI 2056., Duesseldorf, Germany.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 4, 2015
Accepted: Dec 16, 2015
Published online: Feb 29, 2016
Discussion open until: Jul 29, 2016
Published in print: Aug 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.