Durability-Based Ranking of Typical Structural Repairs for Corrosion-Damaged Marine Piles
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 18, Issue 4
Abstract
Corrosion damage is a main cause of deterioration for concrete marine structures. It has become increasingly important to rehabilitate structures and develop repair techniques that prolong their life cycles. This investigation compares the performance of recognized repair techniques, in terms of corrosion resistance, structural integrity, and cost-effectiveness. Eight sets of three cylindrical piles were prepared to conduct seven types of repairs with one control set. Following initial exposure to corrosion, the specimens were repaired using the proposed techniques and tested for durability under simulated tidal conditions, with corrosion monitoring, determination of time-to-corrosion threshold, and visual inspections. The structural integrity was determined by crack scoring and ultimate load testing, and synthesized with a cost-effectiveness evaluation to rank the repair techniques. The repairs comprising carbon wrapping, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) jacketing, and MMFX steel outperformed the others, slurry-infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) repair, styrene-butadiene grout with woven roving fabric wrapping, normal concrete repair with spliced fiberglass reinforcing plastic (FRP) (glass) reinforcement, and the modified ASANO refresh method.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the National Science Foundation for financial support of the project titled “Cost-Effective Repair of Marine Piles,” on which this paper is based, under the U.S.–Mexico International Cooperative Program. Gratitude is expressed to Structural Preservation Systems, Inc., for providing technical expertise, staff help with the repair work, and assistance with materials; SRI Consultants, Inc., for their technical support and assistance with the corrosion equipment rental, and Dr. Salem Faza of MMFX Steel Corp. for the donation of MMFX steel. Florida Waterproofing Supplies, W.R. Grace & Co., and Sika Corporation are also gratefully acknowledged for their contributions of repair materials.
References
Bertolini, L., Elsener, B., Pedeferry, P., and Polder, R. (2004). Corrosion of steel in concrete, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany.
Clear, K. (1989). “Measuring rate of corrosion of steel in field concrete structures.” 68th Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Darby, J. J. (1999). “Role of bonded fiber-reinforced composites in strengthening of structures.” Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures using externally-bonded FRP composites in structural and civil engineering, B. L. C. Hollaway and M. B. Leeming, eds., Wadhead Publishing, Cambridge, U.K.
Elsener, B., and Böhni, H. (1990). “Potential mapping and corrosion of steel in concrete.” Corrosion rates of steel in concrete, N. S. Berke, V. Chaker, and D. Whiting, eds., ASTM, Philadelphia, 143–156.
Emmons, P. H., and Vaysburd, A. M. (1997). “Corrosion protection in concrete repair: Myth and reality.” Concr. Int., 19(3), 47–56.
Fam, A., Greene, R., and Rizkalla, S. (2003). “Field applications of concrete-filled FRP tubes for marine piles.” ACI Special Publication SP-215-9 (Field Application of FRP Reinforcement: Case Studies), 161–180, ACI, Farmington Hills, MI.
Gamry Instruments. (2007). Series G 750 Potentiostat/Galvanostat/ZRA and Corrosion software package manuals, Warminster, PA.
Hanna, S., and Jones, R. (1997). “Composite wraps for aging infrastructure: Concrete beams.” Eng. Fail. Anal., 4(3), 215–225.
Mullins, G., Sen, R., Suh, K., and Winters, D. (2005). “Underwater fiber-reinforced polymers repair of prestressed piles in the Allen Creek Bridge.” J. Compos. Constr., 9(2), 136–146.
Naik, T. R., Singh, S. S., Huber, C. O., and Brodersen, B. S. (1996). “Use of post-consumer waste plastics in cement-based composites.” Cement Concr. Res., 26(10), 1489–1492.
O’Neil, E. (1980). “Laboratory evaluation of series ‘A’ beams with results from 1951 to 1975.” Tensile Crack Exposure Tests, Report 3, Technical Memorandum No. 6-412, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
Reddy, D. V., and Ahn, W. (1995). “Durability testing of marine reinforced concrete in a simulated marine environment.” 20th Conf. on Our World in Concrete and Structures, Singapore, 183–190.
Sagues, A. (1994). “Factors controlling corrosion of steel-reinforced concrete substructure in seawater.” Final Report, Florida DOT., Tallahassee, FL.
Scannell, W., Sohanghpurwala, A., and Islam, M. (1996). “Assessment of physical condition of concrete bridge components.” FHWA-SHRP Showcase., Transportation Research Board, Washington DC.
Sohanghpurwala, A., and Scannell, W. T. (1994). “Repair and protection of concrete exposed to seawater.” Concrete Repair Bulletin, International Concrete Repair Institute, Rosemont, IL.
Thornton, H., Jr., (1984). “Statistical analysis of the long-term durability of series ‘B’ beams.” Tensile Crack Exposure Tests, Report 4, Technical Memorandum No. 6-412, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
Trader, B. (1997). “Pile restoration of the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway—World's longest bridge.” MADCON Corp., Ellicott City, MD.
Whiting, D. A., Corley, W. G., and Tabatabai, H. (2000). Deterioration and repair of prestressed concrete bridge members, Construction Technology Laboratories, Skokie, IL.
Whitten, K., and Gailey, K. (1981). General chemistry, Saunders College Publishing, New York.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 18 • Issue 4 • November 2013
Pages: 225 - 237
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 30, 2012
Accepted: Nov 16, 2012
Published online: Nov 20, 2012
Published in print: Nov 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.