Water-Hammer Control in Pressurized-Pipe Flow Using a Branched Polymeric Penstock
Publication: Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
Volume 8, Issue 4
Abstract
This paper investigates the redesigning of existing steel piping hydraulic systems to control severe water hammer positive and negative surges. The applied control strategy is based on adding a branched polymeric short penstock at the transient sensitive regions of the existing system. Two types of polymeric materials used for the short penstock, high-density and low-density polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE), are investigated. The one-dimensional unconventional water-hammer model, based on the Vitkovsky and the Kelvin-Voigt formulations, is used for hydraulic transient analysis, along with the fixed-grid method of characteristics implemented for numerical computations. The numerical model is validated using comparison with experimental measurements available in the literature. The results demonstrate that such a strategy can significantly mitigate the pressure increase and decrease induced by water hammer waves. Moreover, it is found that the short penstock volume and material represent the key factors affecting the damping rate of the positive and negative pressure peaks. The branching strategy used herein induces a smaller increase of the period than does the inline strategy and produces a similar pressure-head damping.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Absi, R., and Di Nucci, C. (2012). “Mean velocity profiles of two-dimensional fully developed turbulent flows.” C. R. Mécanique, 340(9), 629–640.
Adamkowski, A., and Lewandowski, M. (2012). “Investigation of hydraulic transients in a pipeline with column separation.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 935–944.
Aklonis, J. J., MacKnight, W. J., and Shen, M. (1972). Introduction to polymer viscoelasticity, Wiley, New York.
Bergant, A., and Simpson, A. (1999). “Pipeline column separation flow regimes.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 835–848.
Bergant, A., Simpson, A. R., and Tijsseling, A. (2006). “Water-hammer with column separation: A historical review.” J. Fluids Struct., 22(2), 135–171.
Boulos, P. F., Karney, B. W., Wood, D. J., and Lingireddy, S. (2005). “Hydraulic transient guidelines for protecting water distribution systems.” Am. Water Works Assoc. J., 97(5), 111–124.
Brinson, H.F., and Brinson, L. C. (2008). Polymer engineering science and viscoelasticity: An introduction, Springer, Boston.
Chaudhry, M. H. (2014). Applied hydraulic transients, 3rd Ed., Litton Educational/Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Covas, D., Stoianov, I., Mano, J. F., Ramos, H., Graham, N., and Maksimovic, C. (2005). “The dynamic effect of pipe-wall viscoelasticity in hydraulic transients. Part II—Model development, calibration and verification.” J. Hydraul. Res., 43(1), 56–70.
Covas, D., Stoianov, I., Ramos, H., Graham, N., Maksimovic, C., and Butler, D. (2004). “Water-hammer in pressurized polyethylene pipes: Conceptual model and experimental analysis.” Urban Water J., 1(2), 177–197.
Di Nucci, C., and Russo Spena, A. (2013). “On the propagation of one-dimensional acoustic waves in liquids.” Meccanica, 48(1), 15–21.
Ghidaoui, M., and Karney, B. (1994). “Equivalent differential equations in fixed-grid characteristics method.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 1159–1175.
Ghidaoui, M. S., Zhao, M., Duncan, A. M., and David, H. A. (2005). “A review of water-hammer theory and practice.” Appl. Mech. Rev., 58(1/6), 49–76.
Güney, M. S. (1983). “Water-hammer in viscoelastic pipes where cross-section parameters are time dependent.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Pressure Surges, BHRA, Bath, U.K., 189–209.
Keramat, A., and Haghighi, A. (2014). “Straightforward transient-based approach for the creep function determination in viscoelastic pipes.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 04014058.
Massouh, F., and Comolet, R. (1984). “Étude d’un système anti-bélier en ligne—Study of a water-hammer protection system in line.” La Houille Blanche, 5(5), 355–362 (in French).
Niroomandi, A., Borghei, S. M., and Bohluly, A. (2012). “Implementation of time splitting projection method in water hammer modeling in deformable pipes.” Int. J. Press. Vessels Pip., 98, 30–42.
Pejovic, S., Boldy, A. P., and Obradovic, D. (1987). Guidelines to hydraulic transient analysis, Technical Press, Brookfield, VT.
Pezzinga, G. (2002). “Unsteady flow in hydraulic networks with polymeric additional pipe.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 238–244.
Pezzinga, G. (2014). “Evaluation of time evolution of mechanical parameters of polymeric pipes by unsteady flow runs.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 04014057.
Pezzinga, G., and Scandura, P. (1995). “Unsteady flow in installations with polymeric additional pipe.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 802–811.
Pothof, I. W. M., and Karney, B. W. (2012). “Guidelines for transient analysis in water transmission and distribution systems.” IWA Water Loss Conf., International Water Association, London, 1–12.
Ramos, H., Covas, D., Borga, A., and Loureiro, D. (2004). “Surge damping analysis in pipe systems: Modelling and experiments.” J. Hydraul. Res., 42(4), 413–425.
Riasi, A., and Nourbakhsh, A. (2011). “Influence of surge tank and relief valve on transient flow behaviour in hydropower stations.” Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Fluid Power: ASME-JSME-KSME, Fluids Engineering Division, New York.
Sadafi, M. H., Riasi, A., Raisee, M., and Nourbakhsh, A. (2012). “Cavitating flow during water-hammer using a generalized interface vaporous cavitation model.” J. Fluids Struct., 34, 190–201.
Soares, A., Covas, D., and Carriço, N. (2012). “Transient vaporous cavitation in viscoelastic pipes.” J. Hydraul. Res., 50(2), 228–235.
Soares, A., Covas, D., and Reis, L. (2008). “Analysis of PVC pipe-wall viscoelasticity during water-hammer.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 1389–1394.
Triki, A. (2016). “Water-hammer control in pressurized-pipe flow using an in-line polymeric short-section.” Acta Mech., 227(3), 777–793.
Vitkovsky, J. P., Lambert, M. F., Simpson, A. R., and Bergant, A. (2000). “Advances in unsteady friction modelling in transient pipe flow.” Proc., 8th Int. Conf. on Pressure Surges, BHR, Hague, Netherlands.
Wood, D. J., Lingireddy, S., and Boulos, P. F. (2005). “Shock and water-hammer loading.” Pressure vessels and piping systems-UNESCO–Encyclopedia Life Support Systems, EOLSS Publishers, Oxford, U.K.
Wylie, E. B., and Streeter, V. L. (1993). Fluid transients in systems, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
Volume 8 • Issue 4 • November 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 12, 2016
Accepted: Mar 23, 2017
Published online: Aug 24, 2017
Published in print: Nov 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Jan 24, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.