Retention Factors of High-Strength and Stainless-Steel Bolts during and after Furnace Fire
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 5
Abstract
Stainless steel bolts are increasingly used in the semirigid connections due to their superior behavior to high-strength bolts in terms of durability, ductility, and fire resistance. Their thermomechanical properties have been implemented using a number of steady- and transient-state tests. However, their retention factors at a given temperature present a significantly scattered distribution between different previous tests, so their fully fire-induced behavior needs to be investigated considering the effects of multiple factors at a statistical level. Accordingly, their residual properties characterized by reduction factors are first compared in combination with fire-resistant bolts during or after fire according to the previously published studies. Consequently, stainless steel bolts, featuring the pronounced ductility at ambient temperature, have more significant retention of material stiffness and strength than high-strength and fire-resistant bolts beyond 600°C. Finally, the codified strength retention factors of high-strength bolts during fire, confined to an extremely specific test without response to a consistent database, are not always conservative when used for interpolation on bolts with other property classes, and the standardized reduction factors of stainless steels are hardly accurate enough for those of stainless steel bolts exposed to furnace fire. Thus, the temperature-dependent reduction models with a guaranteed rate of 95%, the prediction accuracy of which is strikingly improved compared with the commonly codified elevated temperature reduction factors in EN 1993-1-2 and AISC 360, are statistically proposed for high-strength or stainless steel bolts during and after fire. This factor contributes to the safety of structural fire resistance without highly conservative prediction.
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Data Availability Statement
All of the data, models, and codes generated or used during the present study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support given through the Research, Design and Application Project of Structural High-performance Steel of 690 MPa (Grant Project No. H20200688) and 111 Project (Grant No. B18062). Hui Wang would like to heartedly appreciate Miss Li Xu for the provisions of the valuable comments and assistance herein.
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Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35 • Issue 5 • May 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 19, 2022
Accepted: Aug 17, 2022
Published online: Feb 27, 2023
Published in print: May 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jul 27, 2023
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Cited by
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