Percolation Approach to Determine Filter Criteria in Geotextile Filter Design
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 12
Abstract
Geotextile filters are used widely in overflow hydraulic structures to prevent long-term particle loss and internal erosion in cohesionless soils. Filter criteria have been proposed and developed for the geotextile filter design. The geometric properties of a geotextile filter typically are described in terms of its characteristic opening size (), which should consider the different physical characteristics of the soil being protected. To investigate the filter criteria, this study used a percolation approach to determine the optimum value of considering the abilities of geotextile to retain soil, and numerical simulations were conducted of the filter–soil system. Different limit states of the filtration system, considering the retention, permeability, porosity, and thickness criteria, were studied. The statistical fractal method was used to consider the broad gradation of soils and their nonlinear properties, and network models composed of particles and constrictions were generated to simulate the erosion process. The proposed approach can serve as an appropriate guide for the design of geotextile filters applied to the cohesionless granular soils.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The research work presented herein was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. 51479112). Their financial support is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Al-Futaisi, A., and T. W. Patzek. 2003. “Extension of Hoshen–Kopelman algorithm to non-lattice environments.” Phys. A Stat. Mech. Appl. 321 (3–4): 665–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(02)01586-8.
Artieres, O., and J. G. Tcherniavsky. 2002. Geotextile filtration systems for dams—30 years of improvement. Nice, France: IGS-Brazil.
ASTM. 2012. Standard test method for determining apparent opening size of a geotextile. ASTM D-4751. Philadelphia: ASTM.
Berkowitz, B., and R. P. Ewing. 1998. “Percolation theory and network modeling applications in soil physics.” Surv. Geophys. 19 (23): 23–72. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006590500229.
Bi, J., X. Luo, H. Shen, and H. Zhang. 2018. “Fractal dimensions of granular materials based on grading curves.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (6): 04018083. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002255.
Canadian Geotechnical Society. 1992. Canadian foundation engineering manual. 3rd ed. Vancouver, BC, Canada: Bi-Tech Publishers.
Carroll, R. 1983. “Geotextile filter design.” Transp. Res. Rec. 916 (Jan): 46–53.
Faure, Y., B. Farkouh, Ph. Delmas, and A. Nancey. 1999. “Analysis of geotextile filter behaviour after 21 years in Valcros dam.” Geotext. Geomembr. 17 (5–6): 353–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(99)00010-2.
Foster, M., R. Fell, and M. Spannagle. 2000. “The statistics of embankment dam failures and accidents.” Can. Geotech. J. 37 (5): 1000–1024. https://doi.org/10.1139/t00-030.
Giroud, J. 2010. “Development of criteria for geotextile and granular filters.” In Proc., 9th Int. Conf. on Geosynthetics—Geosynthetics, 45–64. Guarujá, Brazil: IGS-Brazil.
Indraratna, B., A. Raut, and H. Khabbaz. 2007. “Constriction-based retention criterion for granular filter design.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 133 (3): 266–276. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:3(266).
Kenney, T. C., and D. Lau. 1985. “Internal stability of granular filters.” Can. Geotech. J. 22 (3): 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1139/t85-029.
Kézdi, Á. 1979. Soil physics: Selected topics. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Lafleur, J. 1999. “Selection of geotextiles to filter broadly graded cohesionless soils.” Geotext. Geomembr. 17 (5–6): 299–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(99)00007-2.
Li, C., and T.-W. Chou. 2007. “A direct electrifying algorithm for backbone identification.” J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40 (Apr): 14679–14686. https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/40/49/004.
Li, Z., X. Luo, J. Bi, and H. Shen. 2020. “Numerical modelling of internal erosion process in gravel soils based on the percolation analytical method.” Environ. Earth Sci. 79 (14): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09101-4.
Luettich, S., J. Giroud, and R. Bachus. 1992. “Geotextile filter design guide.” Geotext. Geomembr. 11 (Jan): 355–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-1144(92)90019-7.
Moraci, N., D. Ielo, and M. C. Mandaglio. 2012. “A new theoretical method to evaluate the upper limit of the retention ratio for the design of geotextile filters in contact with broadly granular soils.” Geotext. Geomembr. 35 (7): 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2012.07.001.
Pincus, H., J. Mlynarek, J. Lafleur, A. Rollin, and G. Lombard. 1992. “Filtration opening size of geotextiles by hydrodynamic sieving.” Geotech. Test. J. 16 (3): 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)92708-X.
Sherard, J., L. Dunnigan, and J. Talbot. 1984. “Basic properties of sand and gravel filters.” J. Geotech. Eng. 110 (6): 684–700. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1984)110:6(684).
Sherard, J., L. Dunnigan, and J. Talbot. 1988. “Filters for silts and clays.” J. Geotech. Eng. 110 (6): 701–718. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1984)110:6(701).
USACE. 1953. Investigation of filter requirements for underdrains. Vicksburg, MS: US Waterways Experiment Station.
Wan, C., and R. Fell. 2008. “Assessing the potential of internal instability and suffusion in embankment dams and their foundations.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 134 (4): 401–407. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:3(401).
Xu, Y., and L. Zhang. 2009. “Breaching parameters for earth and rockfill dams.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 135 (12): 1957–1970. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000162.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34 • Issue 12 • December 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 2, 2021
Accepted: Mar 30, 2022
Published online: Sep 27, 2022
Published in print: Dec 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Feb 27, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.