Technical Papers
Jun 22, 2022

Investigation of the Effect of Alkali Curing on the Strength Properties of GBFS-Added Composites

Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 9

Abstract

Large amounts of waste products have been and most probably will continue to be produced with urbanization, industrialization, and technological developments. The study presented herein is devoted to using blast furnace slag in cement-based composites as much as possible. For this purpose, the mechanical properties and microstructural differences of alkaline (sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions)-absorbed mortars that contain 25%, 50%, and 75% (by mass) ground granulated blast furnace slag were investigated. According to the test results, it was found that a positive effect of sodium hydroxide curing on strength development started to be seen as the slag content in the mortar specimens increased. In addition, in order to see the effect of the curing time, 3-day and 7-day cured mortar samples were kept in air for 25 and 21 days, and then strength tests were conducted. Twenty-eight-day–cured samples had a compressive strength value close to that of samples with 7 days of curing plus 21 days of resting period. In addition, in the case of substitution of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) in mortar, curing mortar samples in sodium silicate is the most effective way to alter compressive strengths compared with the other curing conditions.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Data Availability Statement

All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.

References

Anastasiou, E., F. K. Georgiadis, and M. Stefanidou. 2014. “Utilization of fine recycled aggregates in concrete with fly ash and steel slag.” Constr. Build. Mater. 50 (Jan): 154–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.09.037.
Aprianti, S. E. 2017. “A huge number of artificial waste material can be supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for concrete production—A review part II.” J. Clean. Prod. 142 (Jan): 4178–4194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.115.
Arulrajah, A., A. Mohammadinia, and I. Phummiphan. 2016. “Stabilization of recycled demolition aggregates by geopolymers comprising calcium carbide residue, fly ash and slag precursors.” Constr. Build. Mater. 114 (Jul): 864–873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.150.
ASTM. 1998. Standard test method for flexural strength of hydraulic-cement mortars. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2000. Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic-cement mortars (using portions of prisms broken in flexure). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Atiş, C. D., E. B. Görür, and O. Karahan. 2015. “Very high strength (120 MPa) class F fly ash geopolymer mortar activated at different NaOH amount, heat curing temperature and heat curing duration.” Constr. Build. Mater. 96 (Oct): 673–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.089.
Berndt, M. L. 2009. “Properties of sustainable concrete containing fly ash, slag and recycled concrete aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (7): 2606–2613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.011.
Chen, H. J., S. S. Huang, and C. W. Tang. 2012. “Effect of curing environments on strength, porosity and chloride ingress resistance of blast furnace slag cement concretes: A construction site study.” Constr. Build. Mater. 35 (Oct): 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.06.052.
Ilkentapar, S., C. D. Atiş, O. Karahan, and E. B. Görür Avşaroğlu. 2017. “Influence of duration of heat curing and extra rest period after heat curing on the strength and transport characteristic of alkali activated class F fly ash geopolymer mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 151 (Oct): 363–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.041.
Khale, D., and R. Chaudhary. 2007. “Mechanism of geopolymerization and factors influencing its development: A review.” J. Mater. Sci. 42 (3): 729–746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0401-4.
Kim, J. H., and H. S. Lee. 2017. “Improvement of early strength of cement mortar containing granulated blast furnace slag using industrial byproducts.” Materials (Basel) 10 (9): 1050. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10091050.
Lee, Y. R., J. T. Soe, and S. Zhang. 2017. “Synthesis of nanoporous materials via recycling coal fly ash and other solid wastes: A mini review.” Chem. Eng. J. 317 (Jun): 821–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.02.124.
Pacheco-Torgal, F., J. Castro-Gomes, and S. Jalali. 2008. “Alkali-activated binders: A review. Part 2. About materials and binders manufacture.” Constr. Build. Mater. 22 (7): 1315–1322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.03.019.
Pappu, A., M. Saxena, and S. R. Asolekar. 2007. “Solid wastes generation in India and their recycling potential in building materials.” Build. Environ. 42 (6): 2311–2320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.04.015.
Provis, J. L., and S. A. Bernal. 2014. “Binder chemistry—Blended systems and intermediate Ca content.” In Alkali activated materials, 125–144. New York: Springer.
Puertas, F., B. González-Fonteboa, and I. González-Taboada. 2018. “Alkali-activated slag concrete: Fresh and hardened behaviour.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 85 (Jan): 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.10.003.
Rostami, M., and K. Behfarnia. 2017. “The effect of silica fume on durability of alkali activated slag concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 134 (Mar): 262–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.072.
Shi, C., and J. Qian. 2000. “High performance cementing materials from industrial slags—A review.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 29 (3): 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(99)00060-9.
Sisomphon, K., and L. Franke. 2007. “Carbonation rates of concretes containing high volume of pozzolanic materials.” Cem. Concr. Res. 37 (12): 1647–1653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.08.014.
Somna, K., C. Jaturapitakkul, P. Kajitvichyanukul, and P. Chindaprasirt. 2011. “NaOH-activated ground fly ash geopolymer cured at ambient temperature.” Fuel 90 (6): 2118–2124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.01.018.
Thomas, B. S., R. C. Gupta, P. Mehra, and S. Kumar. 2015. “Performance of high strength rubberized concrete in aggressive environment.” Constr. Build. Mater. 83 (May): 320–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.012.
Turkish Standards Institute. 2017. Standard for design of concrete mixes. Ankara, Turkey: Turkish Standards Institute.
Walkley, B., R. S. Nicolas, M. Sani, G. Rees, J. V. Hanna, J. S. J. Deventer, and J. L. Provis. 2016. “Phase evolution of C-(N)-A-S-H/N-A-S-H gel blends investigated via alkali-activation of synthetic calcium aluminosilicate precursors.” Cem. Concr. Res. 89 (Nov): 120–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.08.010.
Wang, S. D., X. C. Pu, K. L. Scrivener, and P. L. Pratt. 1995. “Alkali-activated slag cement and concrete: A review of properties and problems.” Adv. Cem. Res. 7 (27): 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1680/adcr.1995.7.27.93.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34Issue 9September 2022

History

Received: Apr 27, 2021
Accepted: Jan 6, 2022
Published online: Jun 22, 2022
Published in print: Sep 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Nov 22, 2022

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Murat Ozturk, Ph.D. [email protected]
Dept. of Civil Engineering, Iskenderun Technical Univ., Hatay 31200, Turkey. Email: [email protected]
Dept. of Civil Engineering, Iskenderun Technical Univ., Hatay 31200, Turkey (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5091-8766. Email: [email protected]
Umur Korkut Sevim, Ph.D. [email protected]
Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Iskenderun Technical Univ., Hatay 31200, Turkey. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share