Study on the Short-Term Aging Behavior of Asphalt Based on PCA and LSM Analysis
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 8
Abstract
To compare the aging behavior of asphalt before and after short-term aging, the rolling thin-film oven test (RTFOT) was used to conduct short-term aging experiments involving an A-70 matrix asphalt and styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBS)-modified asphalt in the laboratory, over aging times of 0, 40, 85, 180, 240, and 300 min. Second, traditional physical property tests, dynamic shear rheological (DSR) tests, and bending beam rheological (BBR) tests were carried out for asphalt binders with different aging degrees, and the microstructure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the significance of the aging evaluation indexes of A-70 matrix asphalt and SBS-modified asphalt, the least-squares method (LSM) was used to eliminate the multicollinearity between the independent variables, and a prediction model for asphalt’s short-term aging behavior was developed. The findings suggest that as the degree of aging increases, the penetration, ductility, roughness, and of asphalt gradually decrease, but other aging evaluation indicators increase. The addition of the SBS modifier will effectively prevent asphalt from oxidizing. Based on the PCA results, the carbonyl index, sulfoxide index, and root-mean square roughness had the most significant relations with the short-term aging behavior of asphalt. In addition, the correlation coefficients between the measured values and predicted values of asphalt macroindexes were more than 0.85, which indicates that the established regression model can accurately predict changes in the physical and rheological properties of asphalt during short-term aging.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51978086) and the Science and Technology Project of Transport Department of Hunan Province (Grant No. 201905).
References
ASTM. 2011. Standard test method for loss on heating of oil and asphaltic compounds. ASTM D6-11. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2013. Standard test method for penetration of bituminous materials. ASTM D5-13. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2014. Standard test method for softening point of bitumen (ring and ball apparatus). ASTM D36-14. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2015. Standard test method for viscosity determination of asphalt at elevated temperatures using a rotational viscometer. ASTM D4402-15. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017a. Standard test method for density of semi-solid bituminous materials (pycnometer method). ASTM D70-17. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017b. Standard test method for ductility of asphalt materials. ASTM D113-17. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Chen, A. Q., G. Q. Liu, Y. L. Zhao, J. Li, Y. Y. Pan, and J. Zhou. 2018. “Research on the aging and rejuvenation mechanisms of asphalt using atomic force microscopy.” Constr. Build. Mater. 167 (Apr): 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.008.
Dong, N., F. Ni, S. Li, J. Jiang, and Z. Zhao. 2018. “Characterization of permanent deformation performance of asphalt mixture by multi-sequenced repeated load test.” Constr. Build. Mater. 180 (Aug): 425–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.003.
Ghasemi, P., M. Aslani, D. K. Rollins, and R. C. Williams. 2019. “Principal component analysis-based predictive modeling and optimization of permanent deformation in asphalt pavement: Elimination of correlated inputs and extrapolation in modeling.” Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. 59 (4): 1335–1353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-018-2133-x.
Hao, G. R., Y. H. Wang, K. C. Zhao, and W. D. Huang. 2020. “Property changes of SBS modified asphalt binders during short-term aging and implications on quality management.” Constr. Build. Mater. 244 (May): 118323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118323.
Hou, X. D., B. Liang, F. P. Xiao, J. Y. Wang, and T. Wang. 2020. “Characterizing asphalt aging behaviors and rheological properties based on spectrophotometry.” Constr. Build. Mater. 256 (Sep): 119401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119401.
Hou, X. D., F. P. Xiao, J. G. Wang, and S. Amirkhanian. 2018. “Identification of asphalt aging characterization by spectrophotometry technique.” Fuel 226 (Aug): 230–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.030.
Hu, M. J., G. Q. Sun, D. Q. Sun, and Y. Zhang. 2020. “Effect of thermal aging on high viscosity modified asphalt binder: Rheological property, chemical composition and phase morphology.” Constr. Build. Mater. 241 (Apr): 118023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118023.
Huang, C. H., K. S. Chen, and H. K. Wang. 2012. “Measurements and PCA/APCS analyses of volatile organic compounds in Kaohsiung municipal sewer systems.” Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 12 (6): 1315–1326. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2012.02.0035.
Li, X., J. Cheng, and S. J. Kang. 2015. “Thermal oxidative aging mechanism of crumb rubber/SBS composite modified asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 75 (Jan): 169–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.035.
Lin, J. T., J. X. Hong, J. P. Liu, and S. P. Wu. 2016. “Investigation on physical and chemical parameters to predict long-term aging of asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 122 (Sep): 753–759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.121.
Lu, X. H., and U. Isacsson. 2002. “Effect of ageing on bitumen chemistry and rheology.” Constr. Build. Mater. 16 (1): 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(01)00033-2.
Ma, T., X. Ding, D. Zhang, X. Huang, and J. Chen. 2016. “Experimental study of recycled asphalt concrete modified by high-modulus agent.” Constr. Build. Mater. 128 (Dec): 128–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.078.
Mnoli, E., A. Kouras, and C. Samara. 2004. “Profile analysis of ambient and source emitted particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from three sites in northern Greece.” Chemosphere 56 (9): 867–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.03.013.
Pearson, K. 1901. “On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space.” Philos. Mag. 2 (11): 559–572. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786440109462720.
Shen, S. H., W. G. Zhang, L. Shen, and H. Huang. 2016. “A statistical based framework for predicting field cracking performance of asphalt pavements: Application to top-down cracking prediction.” Constr. Build. Mater. 116 (Jul): 226–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.148.
Singh, B., and P. Kumar. 2019. “Effect of polymer modification on the ageing properties of asphalt binders: Chemical and morphological investigation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 205 (Apr): 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.050.
Song, J. L., L. He, X. Wang, L. Luo, and W. G. Li. 2020. “Microscopic aging mechanism of SBS modified asphalt in RTFOT.” [In Chinese.] J. Highway Transp. Res. Dev. 37: (2): 1–7.
Sun, L., Y. Y. Wang, and Y. M. Zhang. 2014. “Aging mechanism and effective recycling ratio of SBS modified asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 70 (Nov): 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.064.
Wang, K., Y. Yuan, S. Han, and Y. Yang. 2019. “Application of FTIR spectroscopy with solvent-cast film and PLS regression quantification of SBS content in modified asphalt.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 20 (11): 1336–1341. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2017.1413242.
Wang, M., and L. P. Liu. 2017. “Investigation of microscale aging behavior of asphalt binders using atomic force microscopy.” Constr. Build. Mater. 135 (Mar): 411–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.180.
Wang, Z., and F. Ye. 2020. “Experimental investigation on aging characteristics of asphalt based on rheological properties.” Constr. Build. Mater. 231 (Jan): 117158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117158.
Wu, Y. T. 2017. “Low-temperature rheological behavior of ultraviolet irradiation aged matrix asphalt and rubber asphalt binders.” Constr. Build. Mater. 157 (Dec): 708–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.039.
Xiao, F. P., S. Amirkhanian, H. N. Wang, and P. W. Hao. 2014. “Rheological property investigations for polymer and polyphosphoric acid modified asphalt binders at high temperatures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 64 (Aug): 316–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.082.
Xiao, Y., B. X. Yan, and X. S. Zhang. 2020. “Study the diffusion characteristics of rejuvenator oil in aged asphalt binder by image thresholding and GC–MS tracer analysis.” Constr. Build. Mater. 249 (Jul): 118782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118782.
Xu, M., Y. Z. Zhang, P. H. Zhao, and C. Liu. 2020. “Study on aging behavior and prediction of SBS modified asphalt with various contents based on PCA and PLS analysis.” Constr. Build. Mater. 265 (Dec): 120732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120732.
Yan, C. Q., W. D. Huang, P. Lin, Y. Zhang, and Q. Lv. 2019. “Chemical and rheological evaluation of aging properties of high content SBS polymer modified asphalt.” Fuel 252 (Sep): 417–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.04.022.
Yao, H., Q. L. Dai, and Z. P. You. 2015. “Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy characterization of aging-related properties of original and nano-modified asphalt binders.” Constr. Build. Mater. 101 (Dec): 1078–1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.085.
Ye, W. L., W. Jiang, P. F. Li, and D. D. Yuan. 2019. “Analysis of mechanism and time-temperature equivalent effects of asphalt binder in short-term aging.” Constr. Build. Mater. 215 (Aug): 823–838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.197.
Zhang, H. L., Z. H. Chen, G. Q. Xv, and C. J. Shi. 2018. “Physical, rheological and chemical characterization of aging behaviors of thermochromic asphalt binder.” Fuel 211 (Jan): 850–858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.09.111.
Zhang, H. T., Y. Wang, T. J. Yu, and Z. Q. Liu. 2020. “Microstructural characteristics of differently aged asphalt samples based on atomic force microscopy (AFM).” Constr. Build. Mater. 255 (Sep): 119388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119388.
Zhang, W. G., S. H. Shen, P. Basak, H. F. Wen, S. H. Wu, A. Faheem, and N. M. Louay. 2015. “Development of predictive models for initiation and propagation of field transverse cracking.” Transp. Res Rec. 2524 (1): 92–99. https://doi.org/10.3141/2524-09.
Zhou, Y., J. D. Chen, K. Zhang, and Q. H. Guan. 2019. “Study on aging performance of modified asphalt binders based on characteristic peaks and molecular weights.” Constr. Build. Mater. 225 (Nov): 1077–1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.196.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34 • Issue 8 • August 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 2, 2021
Accepted: Dec 10, 2021
Published online: May 25, 2022
Published in print: Aug 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Oct 25, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Bing Yang, Hui Li, Yang Sun, Hengji Zhang, Jiawen Liu, Jie Yang, Xue Zhang, Chemo-rheological, mechanical, morphology evolution and environmental impact of aged asphalt binder coupling thermal oxidation, ultraviolet radiation and water, Journal of Cleaner Production, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.135866, 388, (135866), (2023).
- Jiaolong Ren, Xiangquan Zhang, Chang Peng, Yuanyuan Wang, Yao Wang, Hongbo Zhao, Xinghua Xu, Liguo Xia, Chunguang Wang, Gen Li, Zedong Zhao, Jingchun Chen, Jian Wang, Short-term aging characteristics and mechanisms of SBS-modified bio-asphalt binder considering time-dependent effect, Construction and Building Materials, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129048, 352, (129048), (2022).