Testing the Strengths of Sandstone Aggregates Stabilized with Cement and Styrene–Butadiene Latex Copolymer for Road Subbase Applications
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 7
Abstract
Roads constructed over poor ground conditions that carry high traffic volumes and axle loads may, over time, experience persisting occurrences of pavement distress. Road construction, be it a new or a rehabilitation project, is both costly and time-consuming. An appealing option that improves pavement durability, reduces construction cost and time, accelerates strength development over a short curing period, and decreases pavement thickness is to chemically stabilize local road materials. In contrast to other aggregate materials, there has been a gap in evaluating and quantifying the feasibility of chemical stabilization of sandstone aggregate that possesses marginal quality as a road construction material. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide an experimental investigation of relative strength development of sandstone aggregate subbase of marginal quality stabilized with combinations of Portland composite cement (PCC), ordinary Portland cement (OPC), and styrene–butadiene latex copolymer (or polymer). The samples were prepared with different gravel-to-sand (G:S) ratios of 2.1, 1.2, and 0.4 and subsequently stabilized with a polymer-cement (P/C) blend. Samples were compacted and cured under dry and wet conditions before measuring their unconfined compressive strength (UCS), indirect tensile strength (ITS), and California bearing ratio (CBR). At the same curing condition and P/C contents, it was found that the UCS and CBR of P/C-stabilized samples increased with increasing G:S ratios. At the same polymer and cement contents, the P/C-stabilized samples with the highest G:S ratio of 2.1 also demonstrated a significantly higher rate of UCS strength development compared with the samples with lower G:S ratio and unstabilized samples. Soil stabilization with a combination of 0.75% polymer and 5% cement contents yielded the highest UCS that was approximately seven times the UCS of unstabilized samples and an ITS of 0.73 MPa. Stabilization with a combination of 0.75% polymer and 3% cement contents yielded the highest CBR value that significantly exceeded 30% after only 4 days of soaking and was seven times that of unstabilized samples. This paper has thus demonstrated the potential improvement to the strength development of sandstone aggregate subbase stabilized with P/C blend under the optimal curing condition and the importance of identifying and using the optimal proportion of polymer and cement to achieve the target strength development and improvement.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the grant bestowed by Universiti Teknologi Brunei [UTB/GSR1/2019(4)] and the material and technical supports provided by SWEE Sdn. Bhd., Terratech Earth Solutions, Meraih Jaya Sdn. Bhd., Hock Hin Development Sdn. Bhd., and Butra HeidelbergCement Sdn. Bhd. The authors would also like to extend utmost gratitude to Pg Dr. A. I. B. Pengiran Damit, Dayang Nor-afiqah binti Awang Maidi, Fatin Afifah Atikah binti Muhammad Shahrun Nizam, and Muhd Adib Juaini bin Hj Junaidi for their technical contributions toward the experimental work.
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Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34 • Issue 7 • July 2022
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© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Apr 12, 2021
Accepted: Oct 21, 2021
Published online: Apr 26, 2022
Published in print: Jul 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Sep 26, 2022
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