Road Performance Analysis of Cement-Asphalt Emulsion Mixtures Incorporating Different Cementitious Fillers
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 5
Abstract
Portland cement (PC) has been successfully used as an admixture in cement asphalt emulsion mixtures (CAEMs) to improve their early-age strength. However, the excessive use of PC significantly influences the environment. Thus, to reduce the PC amount to some extent, this study proposes a novel CAEM using artificial by-products, e.g., fly ash (FA) and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), in combination with PC. Also, the effects of different combinations of cementitious fillers on the road performance of CAEMs are examined and elucidated experimentally. The results showed that the compressive and indirect tensile strengths of CAEMs increase by 47% and 49%, respectively, by admixing 3.6 wt% PC and 0.4 wt% GGBS. It was found that artificial by-products have a positive impact on the road performance of CAEMs. In addition, the improved strength is attributed not only to the formation of hydration products and accelerated demulsification of asphalt emulsion but also to the improvement of the interface transition zone between aggregates and binders.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Water Resources Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 2020029), the Nantong Science and Technology Plan Project (Grant Nos. JC2018096 and JC2021169), and the Natural Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 17KJB580009).
References
Ayar, P. 2018. “Effects of additives on the mechanical performance in recycled mixtures with bitumen emulsion: An overview.” Constr. Build. Mater. 178 (21): 551–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.174.
Diaz, L. G. 2016. “Creep performance evaluation of cold mix asphalt patching mixes.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 9 (2): 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2016.04.002.
Dodds, W., C. Christodoulou, C. Goodier, S. Austin, and D. Dunne. 2017a. “Durability performance of sustainable structural concrete: Effect of coarse crushed concrete aggregate on rapid chloride migration and accelerated corrosion.” Constr. Build. Mater. 155 (26): 511–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.073.
Dodds, W., C. Goodier, C. Christodoulou, S. Austin, and D. Dunne. 2017b. “Durability performance of sustainable structural concrete: Effect of coarse crushed concrete aggregate on microstructure and water ingress.” Constr. Build. Mater. 145 (16): 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.232.
Dołżycki, B., M. Jaczewski, and C. Szydłowski. 2017a. “The influence of binding agents on stiffness of mineral-cement-emulsion mixtures.” Procedia Eng. 172 (3): 239–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.103.
Dołżycki, B., M. Jaczewski, and C. Szydlowski. 2017b. “The long-term properties of mineral-cement-emulsion mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 156 (27): 799–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.032.
Du, S. 2016. “Influence of chemical additives on mixing procedures and performance properties of asphalt emulsion recycled mixture with reclaimed cement-stabilized macadam.” Constr. Build. Mater. 118 (17): 146–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.050.
Du, S. 2018. “Effect of curing conditions on properties of cement asphalt emulsion mixture.” Constr. Build. Mater. 164 (7): 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.179.
Dulaimi, A., H. Al Nageim, F. Ruddock, and L. Seton. 2016. “New developments with cold asphalt concrete binder course mixtures containing binary blended cementitious filler (BBCF).” Constr. Build. Mater. 124 (23): 414–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.114.
Dulaimi, A., H. Al Nageim, F. Ruddock, and L. Seton. 2017. “High performance cold asphalt concrete mixture for binder course using alkali-activated binary blended cementitious filler.” Constr. Build. Mater. 141 (12): 160–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.155.
Dulaimi, A., H. K. Shanbara, and A. Al-Rifaie. 2020. “The mechanical evaluation of cold asphalt emulsion mixtures using a new cementitious material comprising ground-granulated blast-furnace slag and a calcium carbide residue.” Constr. Build. Mater. 250 (21): 118808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118808.
Jing, G., Z. Ye, J. Wu, S. Wang, X. Cheng, V. Strokova, and V. Nelyubova. 2020. “Introducing reduced graphene oxide to enhance the thermal properties of cement composites.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 109 (8): 103559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103559.
Li, J., W. Zhang, K. Xu, and P. J. M. Monteiro. 2020. “Fibrillar calcium silicate hydrate seeds from hydrated tricalcium silicate lower cement demand.” Cem. Concr. Res. 137 (11): 106195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106195.
Li, W., J. Hong, X. Zhu, D. Yang, Y. Bai, J. Liu, and C. Miao. 2018. “Retardation mechanism of anionic asphalt emulsion on the hydration of Portland cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 163 (6): 714–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.150.
Lin, J., T. Wei, J. Hong, Y. Zhao, and J. Liu. 2015. “Research on development mechanism of early-stage strength for cold recycled asphalt mixture using emulsion asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 99 (22): 137–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.019.
Liu, Y., F. Wang, M. Liu, and S. Hu. 2014. “A microstructural approach to adherence mechanism of cement and asphalt mortar (CA mortar) to repair materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 66 (17): 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.020.
López, M. A. C., W. Fedrigo, T. R. Kleinert, M. F. Matuella, W. P. Núñez, and J. A. P. Ceratti. 2018. “Flexural fatigue evaluation of cement-treated mixtures of reclaimed asphalt pavement and crushed aggregates.” Constr. Build. Mater. 158 (1): 320–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.003.
Lu, D., Z. Tang, L. Zhang, J. Zhou, Y. Gong, Y. Tian, and J. Zhong. 2020. “Effects of combined usage of supplementary cementitious materials on the thermal properties and microstructure of high-performance concrete at high temperatures.” Materials (Basel) 13 (8): 1833. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13081833.
Lu, D., Y. Wang, Z. Leng, and J. Zhong. 2021. “Influence of ternary blended cementitious fillers in a cold mix asphalt mixture.” J. Cleaner Prod. 318 (10): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128421.
Medeiros, M. G., W. C. Nadaleti, J. C. Rocha, M. Cheriaf, P. J. P. Gleise, and A. B. de Castilhos Jr. 2021. “A cleaner material production by the incorporation of the rockwool waste into portland cement matrices.” J. Cleaner Prod. 293126059 (4): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126059.
MTPRC (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China). 2005a. Test methods of aggregate for highway asphalt pavement. JTG E42-2005. Beijing: China Communication Press.
MTPRC (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China). 2005b. Test methods of cement and concrete for highway asphalt pavement. JTG E30-2005. Beijing: China Communication Press.
MTPRC (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China). 2010. Pavement petroleum asphalt. NB/SH/T 3522-2010. Beijing: China Communication Press.
MTPRC (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China). 2011. Standard test methods of bitumen and bituminous mixtures for highway engineering. JTJ E20-2011. Beijing: China Communication Press.
Nassar, A. I., M. K. Mohammed, N. Thom, and T. Parry. 2016. “Mechanical, durability and microstructure properties of Cold Asphalt Emulsion Mixtures with different types of filler.” Constr. Build. Mater. 114 (7): 352–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.112.
Nejad, F. M., M. Habibi, P. Hosseini, and H. Jahanbakhsh. 2017. “Investigating the mechanical and fatigue properties of sustainable cement emulsified asphalt mortar.” J. Cleaner Prod. 156 (17): 717–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.105.
Ouyang, J., H. Li, and B. Han. 2017. “The rheological properties and mechanisms of cement asphalt emulsion paste with different charge types of emulsion.” Constr. Build. Mater. 147 (18): 566–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.201.
Praticò, F. G., M. Giunta, M. Mistretta, and T. M. Gulotta. 2020. “Energy and environmental life cycle assessment of sustainable pavement materials and technologies for urban roads.” Sustainability 12704 (2): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020704.
Tian, Y., D. Lu, R. Ma, J. Zhang, W. Li, and X. Yan. 2020a. “Effects of cement contents on the performance of cement asphalt emulsion mixtures with rapidly developed early-age strength.” Constr. Build. Mater. 244 (15): 118365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118365.
Tian, Y., D. Lu, J. Zhou, Y. Yang, and Z. Wang. 2020b. “Damping property of cement mortar incorporating damping aggregate.” Materials (Basel) 13 (3): 3030792. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030792.
Tian, Y., X. Yan, M. Zhang, D. Lu, T. Yang, Z. Wang, and W. Li. 2020c. “Internal transport and corrosion behaviors of sulfate corrosion media carried by recycled aggregate in concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 260 (31): 120480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120480.
Wang, Z., N. Dai, X. Wang, G. Li, and H. Guo. 2020. “Early-stage road property improvements of cold recycled asphalt emulsion mixture with microwave technology.” J. Cleaner Prod. 263 (22): 121451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121451.
Wang, Z., X. Shu, T. Rutherford, B. Huang, and D. Clarke. 2015. “Effects of asphalt emulsion on properties of fresh cement emulsified asphalt mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 75 (2): 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.013.
Xiao, J., W. Jiang, W. Ye, J. Shan, and Z. Wang. 2019. “Effect of cement and emulsified asphalt contents on the performance of cement-emulsified asphalt mixture.” Constr. Build. Mater. 220 (27): 577–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.051.
Xu, O., Z. Wang, and R. Wang. 2017. “Effects of aggregate gradations and binder contents on engineering properties of cement emulsified asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 135 (6): 632–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.095.
Yan, J., Z. Leng, F. Li, H. Zhu, and S. Bao. 2017. “Early-age strength and long-term performance of asphalt emulsion cold recycled mixes with various cement contents.” Constr. Build. Mater. 137 (8): 153–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.114.
Yan, J., H. Zhu, Z. Zhang, L. Gao, and S. Charmot. 2014. “The theoretical analysis of the RAP aged asphalt influence on the performance of asphalt emulsion cold recycled mixes.” Constr. Build. Mater. 71 (22): 444–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.002.
Zhu, C., H. Zhang, H. Guo, C. Wu, and C. Wei. 2019a. “Effect of gradations on the final and long-term performance of asphalt emulsion cold recycled mixture.” J. Cleaner Prod. 217 (12): 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.264.
Zhu, C., H. Zhang, L. Huang, and C. Wei. 2019b. “Long-term performance and microstructure of asphalt emulsion cold recycled mixture with different gradations.” J. Cleaner Prod. 215 (10): 944–951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.103.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34 • Issue 5 • May 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 30, 2021
Accepted: Sep 14, 2021
Published online: Feb 21, 2022
Published in print: May 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Jul 21, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Anmar Dulaimi, Shaker Qaidi, Shakir Al-Busaltan, Abdalrhman Milad, Monower Sadique, Mustafa Amoori Kadhim, Ruqayah Al-Khafaji, Mohanad Muayad Sabri Sabri, Application of paper sludge ash and incinerated sewage ash in emulsified asphalt cold mixtures, Frontiers in Materials, 10.3389/fmats.2022.1074738, 9, (2023).