Preparation of Sludge Ash–Desulfurization Gypsum-Based Backfill Materials Using Microwave Calcination
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 3
Abstract
Paper mill sludge ash (PMSA), sewage sludge ash (SSA), and desulfurization gypsum (DG) were mixed and calcined by microwave radiation to acquire a product with higher hydration activity. The resulting mixture was used as a supplementary cementitious material to prepare backfill materials for mining. The influence of the mixing ratio of raw materials, microwave parameters, and sample size on the properties and microstructure of the microwave-sintered sludge ash (MSSA) and MSSA-cement pastes was determined. Both the MSSA and the prepared pastes were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Results indicated that the minerals in the MSSA were rankinite, mayenite, and belite, which all exhibited relatively high hydration activity and significantly improved the degree of hydration of the MSSA–cement system. As the microwave power and irradiation time increased, the water demand of the MSSA–cement pastes decreased, the setting time decreased, and the compressive strength increased. The MSSA prepared with a small length-to-diameter ratio produced more crystals and gels compared with that prepared with a larger length-to-diameter ratio. The gels mutually fused to form a dense structure, and this further enhanced the strength of the MSSA–cement pastes.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province (Grant Nos. 212102310398 and 212102310506) and the Doctoral Foundation Project of Henan University of Engineering (Grant No. D2017003). The authors thank the editors and reviewers for their detailed comments and helpful suggestions.
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Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34 • Issue 3 • March 2022
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 31, 2020
Accepted: Jul 7, 2021
Published online: Dec 22, 2021
Published in print: Mar 1, 2022
Discussion open until: May 22, 2022
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