Performance Characteristics of Cold In-Place Recycling Mixtures
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 10
Abstract
Cold in-place recycling (CIR) of asphalt pavements is a process that has successfully been used for many years. The use of CIR for rehabilitation offers many advantages over reconstruction. When looked at closely its sustainability aspects are particularly positive. Regardless of good performance and positive sustainability, however, the performance characteristics of CIR have not been developed. Here, CIR mixtures were designed with different emulsion types and lime slurry levels. The mixtures were then subjected to dynamic modulus, repeated load triaxial, and flexural beam fatigue testing over a range of temperature and loading conditions. The performance test data generated were then used to generate CIR rutting and fatigue performance models developed for use in the Nevada Department of Transportation’s Pavement ME software. In addition, the reflective cracking characteristics of the CIR mixtures were evaluated in terms cycles to failure, crack initiation, and crack propagation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the Nevada Department of Transportation for sponsorship of this work.
References
AASHTO. 1993. Guide for design of pavement structures. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2017a. Standard method of test for determining the dynamic modulus and flow number for asphalt mixtures using the asphalt mixture performance tester (AMPT). AASHTO T 378-17. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2017b. Standard practice for developing dynamic modulus master curves for asphalt mixtures using the asphalt mixture performance tester (AMPT). AASHTO R 84-17. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Apeagyei, A. K., and B. K. Diefenderfer. 2013. “Evaluation of cold in-place and cold central-plant recycling methods using laboratory testing of field-cored specimens.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 25 (11): 1712–1720. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000717.
ASTM. 2010. Standard test method for determining fatigue failure of compacted asphalt concrete subjected to repeated flexural bending. ASTM D7460. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Castro-Ortiz, J. 2017. Cold in-place recycling mix design, in-place density, and long-term performance in Nevada. Reno, NV: Univ. of Nevada.
Charmot, S., and P. Romero. 2010. “Assessment of fracture parameters to predict field cracking performance of cold in-place recycling mixtures.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2155 (1): 34–42. https://doi.org/10.3141/2155-04.
Forsberg, A., E. Lukanen, and T. Thomas. 2002. “Engineered cold in-place recycling project: Blue Earth County State Aid Highway 20, Minnesota.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1813 (1): 111–123. https://doi.org/10.3141/1813-14.
Gao, L., F. Ni, C. Ling, and J. Yan. 2016. “Evaluation of fatigue behavior in cold recycled mixture using digital image correlation method.” Constr. Build. Mater. 102 (Jan): 393–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.11.014.
Hajj, E. Y., P. E. Sebaaly, and P. Nabhan. 2017. Manual for designing flexible pavements in Nevada using AASHTOWare pavement-ME design. Reno, NV: Univ. of Nevada.
Holm, S. 1979. “A simple sequential rejective multiple test procedure.” Scand. J. Stat. 6 (2): 65–70.
Jahren, C. T., B. Cawley, and K. Bergeson. 1999. “Performance of cold in-place recycled asphalt cement concrete roads.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 13 (3): 128–133. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(1999)13:3(128).
Kearney, E., and J. Huffman. 1999. “Full-depth reclamation process.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1684 (1): 203–209. https://doi.org/10.3141/1684-24.
Kim, Y., H. D. Lee, and M. Heitzman. 2009. “Dynamic modulus and repeated load tests of cold in-place recycling mixtures using foamed asphalt.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 21 (6): 279–285. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2009)21:6(279).
Lin, J., J. Hong, and Y. Xiao. 2017. “Dynamic characteristics of 100% cold recycled asphalt mixture using asphalt emulsion and cement.” J. Cleaner Prod. 156 (Jul): 337–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.065.
Mallick, R., D. Bonner, R. Bradbury, J. Andrews, P. Kandhal, and E. Kearney. 2002. “Evaluation of performance of full-depth reclamation mixes.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1809 (1): 199–208. https://doi.org/10.3141/1809-22.
Milton, L. J., and M. G. Earland. 1999. Design guide and specification for structural maintenance of highway pavements by cold in-situ recycling. Crowthorne, UK: Great Britain Highway Agency.
Morian, D., J. Oswalt, and A. Deodhar. 2004. “Experience with cold in-place recycling as a reflective crack control technique: Twenty years later.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1869 (1): 47–55. https://doi.org/10.3141/1869-06.
Niazi, Y., and M. Jalili. 2009. “Effect of portland cement and lime additives on properties of cold in-place recycled mixtures with asphalt emulsion.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (3): 1338–1343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.07.020.
Sabahfer, N., and M. Hossain. 2015. “Effect of fractionation of reclaimed asphalt pavement on properties of Superpave mixtures with reclaimed asphalt pavement.” Adv. Civ. Eng. Mater. 4 (1): 47–60. https://doi.org/10.1520/ACEM20140036.
Schwartz, C. W., B. K. Diefenderfer, and B. F. Bowers. 2017. Materials properties of cold in-place recycled and full-depth reclamation asphalt concrete. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Cooperative Highway Research Program.
Sebaaly, P. E., G. Bazi, E. Hitti, D. Weitzel, and S. Bemanian. 2004. “Performance of cold in-place recycling in Nevada.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1896 (1): 162–169. https://doi.org/10.3141/1896-16.
Texas DOT (TxDOT). 2008. Test procedure for overlay test. Tex-248-F. Austin, TX: TxDOT.
Yan, J., F. Ni, M. Yang, and J. Li. 2010. “An experimental study on fatigue properties of emulsion and foam cold recycled mixes.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (11): 2151–2156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.04.044.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 18, 2020
Accepted: Jan 4, 2021
Published online: Jul 22, 2021
Published in print: Oct 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Dec 22, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Jun Li, Mingliang Li, Hao Wu, Key Performance Analysis of Emulsified Asphalt Cold Recycling Mixtures of the Middle Layer of Pavement Structure, Materials, 10.3390/ma16041613, 16, 4, (1613), (2023).