Enhancing Burnability Characteristics of Low-Temperature Burnt-Cement Clinker by Recycling Phosphogypsum Wastes
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 9
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of phosphogypsum, a byproduct from the phosphoric acid production industry, on the clinkerization process was researched in order to improve the burnability of clinkers at lower burning temperatures. Raw meal samples containing phosphogypsum at 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% by weight were burned at 1,350°C, 1,400°C, 1,450°C, and 1,500°C. The introduction of phosphogypsum reduced the presence of unbounded (free) CaO relatively up to 43%. Thus, the mineralization effect of phosphogypsum promotes lower burning temperatures. The free CaO content of the 5% phosphogypsum containing clinker decreased to 0.94% at 1,400°C after of burning time. The free CaO content was found to be almost identical (0.75%) to that of industrial clinker burned in a rotary kiln at 1,500°C. Due to the low free CaO content () and the burnability index (73), the recycling of phosphogypsum wastes was found to be suitable for the production of eco-efficient clinkers. The reduced energy consumption and energy-related emissions in such modified clinkers can contribute to the economic and ecological goals of the cement industry.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank BATIÇİM Batı Anadolu Cement Industry for allowing the execution of this experimental study in their R&D laboratories.
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Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33 • Issue 9 • September 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 19, 2020
Accepted: Dec 3, 2020
Published online: Jul 14, 2021
Published in print: Sep 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Dec 14, 2021
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