Workability and Crack Recovery Performance Investigation of IPDI Microcapsules–Based Self-Healing Cement Paste
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 7
Abstract
Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) was encapsulated successfully within double-layered shells, and final microcapsules showed outstanding self-healing functions in cement paste. The well-dispersed microcapsules had a diameter of , shell thickness of , and core fraction around by weight. The diameters of microcapsules were adjustable by varying agitation rates. The beginning weight-loss temperature of microcapsules was 200°C, implying good thermal stability. The final microcapsules affected slightly the workability and setting time of fresh self-healing cement paste. Although the mechanical strength of hardened self-healing cement paste was decreased with the increase of microcapsule concentrations, the open porosity was improved obviously from 33.5% (control samples) to 31.8% when 5.0% by weight of microcapsules was introduced. The interfaces of microcapsules were compatible enough with cement paste without obvious delamination. Especially, the self-healing cement paste showed outstanding self-healing functions in open air when 10.0% by weight of microcapsules was introduced.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
Support from Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 2194069, General Program of Science and Technology Development Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (KM202010005004), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52002006) are gratefully acknowledged.
References
Aïtcin, P.-C. 2000. “Cements of yesterday and today: Concrete of tomorrow.” Cem. Concr. Res. 30 (9): 1349–1359. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00365-3.
Arce, G. A., M. M. Hassan, L. N. Mohammad, and T. Rupnow. 2017. “Characterization of self-healing processes induced by calcium nitrate microcapsules in cement mortar.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (1): 04016189. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001717.
ASTM. 1997. Standard test method for isocyanate groups in urethane materials or prepolymers. ASTM D2572-97. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Beglarigale, A., Y. Seki, N. Y. Demir, and H. Yazıcı. 2018. “Sodium silicate/polyurethane microcapsules used for self-healing in cementitious materials: Monomer optimization, characterization, and fracture behavior.” Constr. Build. Mater. 162 (Feb): 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.164.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2006. Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity. BS EN 1936:2006. London: BSI.
Chen, J., S. C. Kou, and C. S. Poon. 2012. “Hydration and properties of nano-TiO2 blended cement composites.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 34 (5): 642–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.02.009.
Chinese Standard. 2011. Test methods for water requirement of normal consistency, setting time and soundness of the portland cement. GB/T 1346-2011. Beijing: Chinese Standard.
Chinese Standard. 2012. Chinese Standards, Concrete admixture homogeneity test method. GB/T 8077-2012. Beijing: Chinese Standard.
Choi, Y. C., Y. K. Cho, K.-J. Shin, and S.-J. Kwon. 2016. “Development and application of microcapsule for cement hydration control.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 20 (1): 282–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0281-8.
De Belie, N., et al. 2018. “A review of self-healing concrete for damage management of structures.” Adv. Mater. Interfaces 5 (17): 1800074. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201800074.
Dong, B., G. Fang, W. Ding, Y. Liu, J. Zhang, N. Han, and F. Xing. 2016. “Self-healing features in cementitious material with urea-formaldehyde/epoxy microcapsules.” Constr. Build. Mater. 106 (Mar): 608–617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.140.
Dong, B., G. Fang, Y. Wang, Y. Liu, S. Hong, J. Zhang, S. Lin, and F. Xing. 2017. “Performance recovery concerning the permeability of concrete by means of a microcapsule based self-healing system.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 78 (Dec): 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.12.005.
Du, W., J. Yu, Y. Gu, Y. Li, X. Han, and Q. Liu. 2019. “Preparation and application of microcapsules containing toluene-di-isocyanate for self-healing of concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 202 (Mar): 762–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.007.
Huang, H., G. Ye, C. Qian, and E. Schlangen. 2016. “Self-healing in cementitious materials: Materials, methods and service conditions.” Mater. Des. 92 (Feb): 499–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.12.091.
Huang, M. X., and J. L. Yang. 2011. “Facile microencapsulation of HDI for self-healing anticorrosion coatings.” J. Mater. Chem. 21 (30): 11123–11130. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm10794a.
Koh, E., N.-K. Kim, J. Shin, and Y.-W. Kim. 2014. “Polyurethane microcapsules for self-healing paint coatings.” RSC Adv. 4 (31): 16214–16223. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA00213J.
Lv, L., Z. Yang, G. Chen, G. Zhu, N. Han, E. Schlangen, and F. Xing. 2016. “Synthesis and characterization of a new polymeric microcapsule and feasibility investigation in self-healing cementitious materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 105 (Feb): 487–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.185.
Ramm, W., and M. Biscoping. 1998. “Autogenous healing and reinforcement corrosion of water-penetrated separation cracks in reinforced concrete.” Nucl. Eng. Des. 179 (2): 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-5493(97)00266-5.
Roig-Flores, M., S. Moscato, P. Serna, and L. Ferrara. 2015. “Self-healing capability of concrete with crystalline admixtures in different environments.” Constr. Build. Mater. 86 (Jul): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.091.
Roig-Flores, M., F. Pirritano, P. Serna, and L. Ferrara. 2016. “Effect of crystalline admixtures on the self-healing capability of early-age concrete studied by means of permeability and crack closing tests.” Constr. Build. Mater. 114 (Jul): 447–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.196.
Samaha, H. R., and K. C. Hover. 1992. “Influence of microcracking on the mass transport properties of concrete.” Mater. J. 89 (4): 416–424.
Sanfelix, S. G., I. Santacruz, A. M. Szczotok, L. M. O. Belloc, A. G. De la Torre, and A.-L. Kjøniksen. 2019. “Effect of microencapsulated phase change materials on the flow behavior of cement composites.” Constr. Build. Mater. 202 (Mar): 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.215.
Siracusa, V. 2012. “Food packaging permeability behaviour: A report.” Int. J. Polym. Sci. 2012: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/302029.
Sun, D., Y. B. Chong, K. Chen, and J. Yang. 2018. “Chemically and thermally stable isocyanate microcapsules having good self-healing and self-lubricating performances.” Chem. Eng. J. 346 (Aug): 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.04.046.
Sun, D., H. Zhang, X.-Z. Tang, and J. Yang. 2016. “Water resistant reactive microcapsules for self-healing coatings in harsh environments.” Polymer 91 (May): 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.044.
Tong, X.-M., T. Zhang, M.-Z. Yang, and Q. Zhang. 2010. “Preparation and characterization of novel melamine modified poly(urea–formaldehyde) self-repairing microcapsules.” Colloids Surf., A 371 (1): 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.09.009.
Wang, J. Y., D. Snoeck, S. Van Vlierberghe, W. Verstraete, and N. De Belie. 2014. “Application of hydrogel encapsulated carbonate precipitating bacteria for approaching a realistic self-healing in concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 68 (Oct): 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.018.
Wang, Q., D. Wang, and H. Chen. 2017. “The role of fly ash microsphere in the microstructure and macroscopic properties of high-strength concrete.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 83 (Oct): 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.07.021.
Wang, X. F., J. H. Zhang, W. Zhao, R. Han, N. X. Han, and F. Xing. 2018. “Permeability and pore structure of microcapsule-based self-healing cementitious composite.” Constr. Build. Mater. 165 (Mar): 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.008.
Yang, J. L., M. W. Keller, J. S. Moore, S. R. White, and N. R. Sottos. 2008. “Microencapsulation of isocyanates for self-healing polymers.” Macromolecules 41 (24): 9650–9655. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma801718v.
Yang, T., H. Zhu, Z. Zhang, X. Gao, C. Zhang, and Q. Wu. 2018. “Effect of fly ash microsphere on the rheology and microstructure of alkali-activated fly ash/slag pastes.” Cem. Concr. Res. 109 (Jul): 198–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.04.008.
Yang, Z. X., J. Hollar, X. D. He, and X. M. Shi. 2011. “A self-healing cementitious composite using oil core/silica gel shell microcapsules.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 33 (4): 506–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.01.010.
Ye, G., X. Liu, G. De Schutter, A. M. Poppe, and L. Taerwe. 2007. “Influence of limestone powder used as filler in SCC on hydration and microstructure of cement pastes.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 29 (2): 94–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.09.003.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33 • Issue 7 • July 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 20, 2020
Accepted: Nov 20, 2020
Published online: Apr 27, 2021
Published in print: Jul 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Sep 27, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Mahdi Madelatparvar, Mahdi Salami Hosseini, Chunwei Zhang, Polyurea micro-/nano-capsule applications in construction industry: A review, Nanotechnology Reviews, 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0516, 12, 1, (2023).
- Jiahui Yan, Dechao Hu, Wenshi Ma, Weimin Chen, Preparation and characterization of soy polyols‐based PU shell microencapsulated phase change materials for reliable thermal energy storage , International Journal of Energy Research, 10.1002/er.8635, 46, 15, (23364-23376), (2022).
- Wei Du, Runsheng Lin, Quantao Liu, Investigation of isophorone diisocyanate microcapsules to improve self-healing properties and sulfate resistance of concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124438, 300, (124438), (2021).