Technical Papers
Jan 21, 2021

Modeling Constitutive Relationship of Steel Bar Removed from Corroded PC Beams after Fatigue Considering Spatial Location Effect

Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 4

Abstract

Fatigue changes the mechanical behavior of reinforcing bars, significantly reducing the performance of aging concrete structures. This study performed a fatigue loading test on post-tensioned prestressed concrete (PC) beams with various corrosion levels of prestressed tendon. The effect of corrosion on fatigue life and failure modes of test beams were discussed. Steel bars at different distances from the fracture location in beams were removed for static tensile tests. The mechanical properties of the steel bars after fatigue in different locations relative to the failure point were analyzed. A quantitatively constitutive relationship was proposed to characterize the mechanical behavior of steel bars after fatigue. This model can consider the effects of fatigue stress range, fatigue cycles, and fatigue fracture location of steel bars. The experimental results showed that the failure of corroded post-tensioned PC beams initiated from the brittle fracture of prestressed tendon, promoting the fatigue fracture of steel bars. The proposed models were verified by the test data in the literature. The theoretical values were in good agreement with the experimental results. The proposed constitutive relation model considering the location effect can be used to model the uncertain effect caused by fatigue.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Data Availability Statement

Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Acknowledgments

This work was conducted with the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51778068), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2019JJ30024), the Special Funds for the Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province of China (2019RS2035 and 2019SK2171), the Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha (kq1802012), the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (17B012), and the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate (CX20190672). The support is gratefully acknowledged.

References

Apostolopoulos, C. A. 2009. “The influence of corrosion and cross-section diameter on the mechanical properties of B500C steel.” J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 18 (2): 190–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-008-9281-x.
Apostolopoulos, C. A., G. Diamantogiannis, and A. C. Apostolopoulos. 2016. “Assessment of the mechanical behavior in dual-phase steel B400C, B450C, and B500B in a marine environment.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 (2): 04015097. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001271.
Caprili, S., and W. Salvatore. 2015. “Cyclic behaviour of uncorroded and corroded steel reinforcing bars.” Constr. Build. Mater. 76 (Feb): 168–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.025.
Carola, M., B. Francisco, V. María, and V. Rosa. 2018. “Effect of atmospheric corrosion on the mechanical properties of SAE 1020 structural steel.” Materials 11 (4): 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040591.
Du, Y. G., L. A. Clark, and A. H. C. Chan. 2005. “Residual capacity of corroded reinforcing bars.” Mag. Concr. Res. 57 (3): 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2005.57.3.135.
FDOT (Florida DOT). 1999. Corrosion evaluation of post-tensioned tendons on the Niles Channel Bridge.. Tallahassee, FL: FDOT.
FDOT (Florida DOT). 2001. Sunshine Skyway Bridge post-tensioned tendons investigation. Tallahassee, FL: FDOT.
Fernandez, I., J. M. Bairán, and A. R. Marí. 2015. “Corrosion effects on the mechanical properties of reinforcing steel bars. Fatigue and σε behavior.” Constr. Build. Mater. 101 (Dec): 772–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.139.
Fernandez, I., J. M. Bairán, and A. R. Marí. 2016. “Mechanical model to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion effects on σε and fatigue curves. Experimental calibration and validation.” Eng. Struct. 118 (Jul): 320–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.03.055.
Chinese Standards. 2010. Metallic materials—Tensile testing—Part 1: Method of test at room temperature. [In Chinese.] GB/T 228.1-2010. Beijing: Standards Press of China.
Guo, X., J. Kang, J. Zhu, and M. Duan. 2019a. “Corrosion behavior and mechanical property degradation of weathering steel in marine atmosphere.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (9): 04019181. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002814.
Guo, Z., Y. Ma, L. Wang, and I. E. Harik. 2020a. “Corrosion fatigue crack propagation mechanism of high-strength steel bar in various environments.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (6): 04020115. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003165.
Guo, Z., Y. Ma, L. Wang, and J. Zhang. 2019b. “Modelling guidelines for corrosion-fatigue life prediction of concrete bridges: Considering corrosion pit as a notch or crack.” Eng. Fail. Anal. 105 (Nov): 883–895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.07.046.
Guo, Z., Y. Ma, L. Wang, X. Zhang, J. Zhang, C. Hutchinson, and I. E. Harik. 2020b. “Crack propagation-based fatigue life prediction of corroded RC beams considering bond degradation.” J. Bridge Eng. 25 (8): 04020048. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001592.
Hawileh, R. A., J. A. Abdalla, A. Al Tamimi, K. Abdelrahman, and F. Oudah. 2011. “Behavior of corroded steel reinforcing bars under monotonic and cyclic loadings.” Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct. 18 (3): 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2010.499023.
Kashani, M. M., A. J. Crewe, and N. A. Alexander. 2013. “Nonlinear cyclic response of corrosion-damaged reinforcing bars with the effect of buckling.” Constr. Build. Mater. 41 (Apr): 388–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.12.011.
Kashani, M. M., L. N. Lowes, A. J. Crewe, and N. A. Alexander. 2014. “Finite element investigation of the influence of corrosion pattern on inelastic buckling and cyclic response of corroded reinforcing bars.” Eng. Struct. 75 (Sep): 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.05.026.
Kocich, J., J. Ševčíková, and S. Tuleja. 1993. “Effect of atmospheric corrosion on the mechanical properties of the weathering steel ATMOFIX 52A.” Corros. Sci. 35 (1–4): 719–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(93)90208-X.
Kopas, P., L. Jakubovičová, M. Vaško, and M. Handrik. 2016. “Fatigue resistance of reinforcing steel bars.” Procedia Eng. 136 (Jan): 193–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.01.196.
Lee, H., and Y. Cho. 2009. “Evaluation of the mechanical properties of steel reinforcement embedded in concrete specimen as a function of the degree of reinforcement corrosion.” Int. J. Fract. 157 (1–2): 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-009-9334-7.
Li, D., C. Xiong, T. Huang, R. Wei, N. Han, and F. Xing. 2018. “A simplified constitutive model for corroded steel bars.” Constr. Build. Mater. 186 (Oct): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.019.
Li, F., X. Luo, K. Wang, and Y. Ji. 2017. “Pitting damage characteristics on prestressing steel strands by combined action of fatigue load and chloride corrosion.” J. Bridge Eng. 22 (7): 04017023. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001057.
Li, H., C. M. Lan, Y. Ju, and D. S. Li. 2012. “Experimental and numerical study of the fatigue properties of corroded parallel wire cables.” J. Bridge Eng. 17 (2): 211–220. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000235.
Liu, X., W. Zhang, X. Gu, and Y. Zeng. 2017. “Degradation of mechanical behavior of corroded prestressing wires subjected to high-cycle fatigue loading.” J. Bridge Eng. 22 (5): 04017004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001030.
Liu, Y., N. Jiang, H. Zhang, and M. Li. 2018. “Fatigue-life prediction of corroded steel bar based on fractal theory.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (9): 04018228. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002420.
Ma, Y., Z. Guo, L. Wang, and J. Zhang. 2017. “Experimental investigation of corrosion effect on bond behavior between reinforcing bar and concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 152 (Oct): 240–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.169.
Ma, Y., Z. Guo, L. Wang, and J. Zhang. 2020. “Probabilistic life prediction for reinforced concrete structures subjected to seasonal corrosion-fatigue damage.” J. Struct. Eng. 146 (7): 04020117. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002666.
Ma, Y., G. Wang, X. Su, L. Wang, and J. Zhang. 2018. “Experimental and modelling of the flexural performance degradation of corroded RC beams under fatigue load.” Constr. Build. Mater. 191 (Dec): 994–1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.031.
Ou, Y., Y. T. T. Susanto, and H. Roh. 2016. “Tensile behavior of naturally and artificially corroded steel bars.” Constr. Build. Mater. 103 (Jan): 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.075.
Sánchez-Santana, U., C. Rubio-González, G. Mesmacque, and A. Amrouche. 2009. “Effect of fatigue damage on the dynamic tensile behavior of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and AISI 4140T steel.” Int. J. Fatigue 31 (11): 1928–1937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.02.031.
Soltani, A., K. A. Harries, B. M. Shahrooz, H. G. Russell, and R. A. Miller. 2012. “Fatigue performance of high-strength reinforcing steel.” J. Bridge Eng. 17 (3): 454–461. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000281.
Spathelf, C. A., and T. Vogel. 2018. “Fatigue performance of orthogonally reinforced concrete slabs: Experimental investigation.” Eng. Struct. 168 (Aug): 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.04.058.
Stewart, M. G. 2009. “Mechanical behaviour of pitting corrosion of flexural and shear reinforcement and its effect on structural reliability of corroding RC beams.” Struct. Saf. 31 (1): 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2007.12.001.
Stewart, M. G., and A. Al-Harthy. 2008. “Pitting corrosion and structural reliability of corroding RC structures: Experimental data and probabilistic analysis.” Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 93 (3): 373–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2006.12.013.
Sun, H., J. Xu, W. Chen, and J. Yang. 2018a. “Time-dependent effect of corrosion on the mechanical characteristics of stay cable.” J. Bridge Eng. 23 (5): 04018019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001229.
Sun, J., Q. Huang, and Y. Ren. 2015. “Performance deterioration of corroded RC beams and reinforcing bars under repeated loading.” Constr. Build. Mater. 96 (Oct): 404–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.066.
Sun, X., H. Kong, H. Wang, and Z. Zhang. 2018b. “Evaluation of corrosion characteristics and corrosion effects on the mechanical properties of reinforcing steel bars based on three-dimensional scanning.” Corros. Sci. 142 (Sep): 284–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2018.07.030.
Tong, L., B. Liu, Q. Xian, and X. Zhao. 2016. “Experimental study on fatigue behavior of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beams.” Eng. Struct. 123 (Sep): 247–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.05.052.
Wang, L., P. Yuan, X. Zhang, Y. Dong, Y. Ma, and J. Zhang. 2019. “Bond behavior between multi-strand tendons and surrounding grout: Interface equivalent modeling method.” Constr. Build. Mater. 226 (Nov): 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.242.
Wang, L., X. Zhang, J. Zhang, Y. Ma, Y. Xiang, and Y. Liu. 2014. “Effect of insufficient grouting and strand corrosion on flexural behavior of PC beams.” Constr. Build. Mater. 53 (Feb): 213–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.069.
Xu, Y. 2015. “The corrosion characteristics and tensile behavior of reinforcement under coupled carbonation and static loading.” Materials 8 (12): 8561–8577. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8125479.
Yin, F., L. Yang, M. Wang, L. Zong, and X. Chang. 2019. “Study on ultra-low cycle fatigue behavior of austenitic stainless steel.” Thin Walled Struct. 143 (Oct): 106205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.106205.
Zheng, H., and A. A. Abel. 1999. “Fatigue properties of reinforcing steel produced by TEMPCORE process.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 11 (2): 158–165. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1999)11:2(158).
Zhu, W., and R. François. 2014. “Corrosion of the reinforcement and its influence on the residual structural performance of a 26-year-old corroded RC beam.” Constr. Build. Mater. 51 (Jan): 461–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.015.
Zhu, W., R. François, C. S. Poon, and J. Dai. 2017. “Influences of corrosion degree and corrosion morphology on the ductility of steel reinforcement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 148 (Sep): 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.079.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33Issue 4April 2021

History

Received: Jun 11, 2020
Accepted: Aug 31, 2020
Published online: Jan 21, 2021
Published in print: Apr 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jun 21, 2021

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Associate Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bridge Engineering Safety Control by Dept. of Education, Changsha Univ. of Science and Technology, No. 960 Wanjiali Rd., Changsha, Hunan 410114, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-8192. Email: [email protected]
Master’s Student, School of Civil Engineering, Changsha Univ. of Science and Technology, No. 960 Wanjiali Rd., Changsha, Hunan 410114, China. Email: [email protected]
Xiaochao Su [email protected]
Doctoral Student, School of Civil Engineering, Changsha Univ. of Science and Technology, No. 960 Wanjiali Rd., Changsha, Hunan 410114, China. Email: [email protected]
Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Changsha Univ. of Science and Technology, No. 960 Wanjiali Rd., Changsha, Hunan 410114, China (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]
Jianren Zhang [email protected]
Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Changsha Univ. of Science and Technology, No. 960 Wanjiali Rd., Changsha, Hunan 410114, China. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share