Use of Ceramic-Waste Powder as Value-Added Pozzolanic Material with Improved Thermal Properties
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 9
Abstract
Limited investigations evaluated the synergistic effects between ceramic waste powder (CWP) and blast furnace slag (BFS) on the pozzolanic activity and thermal properties of cementitious materials. In this paper, tested binders were produced by substituting the cement by either 20% CWP, 40% BFS, or combinations of 20% CWP and 30% BFS; the physicochemical characterizations were performed at various hydration ages. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the calcium hydroxide crystals are particularly visible in the paste prepared with cement only, while these crystals are considerably reduced for the paste containing CWP and BFS additions. Such results were confirmed by the Frattini and strength activity index tests, reflecting the occurrence of synergistic reactions that enhanced the pozzolanic reactions and led to increased amounts of calcium silicate hydrates. Regardless of the firing temperature, mortars prepared with a ternary binder composed of cement, CWP, and BFS exhibited improved residual strength and thermal conductivity. Such data can be of particular interest to cement producers and concrete technologists seeking improved sustainability and recycling processes of CWP materials.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data backup to the test results, tables, and figures included this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the University Research Board at the American University of Beirut for supporting the reported research program.
References
Al-Jabri, K., H. Shoukry, I. S. Khalil, and S. Nasir. 2018. “Reuse of waste ferrochrome slag in the production of mortar with improved thermal and mechanical performance.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (8): 04018152. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002345.
Aly, S. T., A. S. El-Dieb, and M. R. Taha. 2019. “Effect of high-volume ceramic waste powder as partial cement replacement on fresh and compressive strength of self-compacting concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (2): 04018374. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002588.
Assaad, J. J. 2015. “Quantifying the effect of clinker grinding aids under laboratory conditions.” Miner. Eng. 81 (Oct): 40–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.07.008.
Assaad, J. J. 2017. “Influence of recycled aggregates on dynamic/static stability of self-consolidating concrete.” J. Sustainable Cem. Based Mater. 6 (6): 345–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650373.2017.1280427.
Assaad, J. J., and C. Issa. 2014. “Effect of clinker grinding aids on flow of cement-based materials.” Cem. Conc. Res. 63 (Sep): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.04.006.
ASTM. 2006a. Standard guide for examination of hardened concrete using scanning electron microscopy. ASTM C1723. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2006b. Standard test method for determination of the proportion of phases in portland cement and portland-cement clinker using XRD analysis. ASTM C1365. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2016. Standard practice for preparing refractory concrete specimens by casting. ASTM C862. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017a. Standard specification for standard sand. ASTM C778. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017b. Standard test method for steady-state thermal transmission properties by means of the heat flow meter apparatus. ASTM C518. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017c. Standard practice for firing refractory concrete specimens. ASTM C865. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2018a. Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete and mortars. ASTM C989/C989M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2018b. Standard test methods for sampling and testing fly ash or natural pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete. ASTM C311/C311M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2018c. Standard test method for thermogravimetric analysis of hydraulic cement. ASTM C1872. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2019a. Standard practice for firing refractory concrete specimens. ASTM C1865. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2019b. Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete. ASTM C618. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Ay, N., and M. Unal. 2000. “The use of waste ceramic tile in cement production.” Cem. Concr. Res. 30 (3): 497–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00202-7.
Aydin, S. 2008. “Development of a high-temperature-resistant mortar by using slag and pumice.” Fire Saf. J. 43 (8): 610–617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.02.001.
BSI (British Standard Institution). 2011a. BSI standards publication methods of testing cement part 5: Pozzolanicity test for pozzolanic cement. BS EN196-5. London: BSI.
BSI (British Standard Institution). 2011b. Cement part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. BS EN 197-1. London: BSI.
El-Dieb, A. S., M. R. Taha, and S. I. Abu-Eishah. 2018. The use of ceramic waste powder (CWP) in making eco-friendly concretes. London: IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81842.
El Mir, A., S. G. Nehme, and J. J. Assaad. 2020. “Durability of self-consolidating concrete containing natural waste perlite powders.” Heliyon 6 (1): e03165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03165.
Grubesa, I. N., M. J. Rukavina, and A. Mladenovic. 2016. “Impact of high temperature on residual properties of concrete with steel slag aggregate.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 (6): 04016013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001515.
Heidari, A., and D. Tavakoli. 2013. “A study of the mechanical properties of ground ceramic powder concrete incorporating nano- particles.” Const. Build. Mater. 38 (Jan): 255–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.110.
Hou, J., Q. Liu, J. Liu, and Q. Wu. 2018. “Material properties of steel slag-cement binding materials prepared by precarbonated steel slag.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (9): 04018208. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002370.
ISO. 2010. Determination of the specific surface area of solids by gas adsorption—BET method. ISO 9277:2010. Geneva: ISO.
Kannan, D. M., S. H. Aboubakr, A. S. EL-Dieb, and M. M. Taha. 2017. “High performance concrete incorporating ceramic waste powder as large partial replacement of portland cement.” Const. Build. Mater. 144 (Jul): 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.115.
Khayat, K. H., and J. Assaad. 2008. “Use of thixotropy-enhancing agent to reduce formwork pressure exerted by self-consolidating concrete.” ACI Mater. J. 105 (1): 88–96. https://doi.org/10.14359/19211.
Knop, Y., and A. Peled. 2018. “Sustainable blended cements—Influences of packing density on cement paste chemical efficiency.” Materials. 11 (4): 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040625.
Kodur, V. 2014. “Properties of concrete at elevated temperatures.” ISRN Civ. Eng. 468510. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/468510.
Lasseuguette, E., S. Burns, D. Simmons, E. Francis, H. K. Chai, and V. Koutsos. 2019. “Chemical, microstructural and mechanical properties of ceramic waste blended cementitious systems.” J. Clean. Prod. 211 (Feb): 1228–1238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.240.
Lavat, A. E., M. A. Trezza, and M. Poggi. 2009. “Characterization of ceramic roof tile wastes as pozzolanic admixture.” Waste Manage. (Oxford). 29 (5): 1666–1674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.10.019.
Lubloy, E., K. Kopecsko, G. L. Balazs, I. M. Szilagyi, and J. Madarasz. 2016. “Improved fire resistance by using slag cements.” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 125 (1): 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5392-z.
Malhotra, V. M. 2000. “Role of supplementary cementing materials in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.” In Concrete technology for a sustainable development in the 21st century, 35–226. London: E&FN Spon.
Matar, P., and J. J. Assaad. 2019. “Concurrent effects of recycled aggregates and polypropylene fibers on workability and key strength properties of self-consolidating concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 199 (Feb): 492–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.091.
Mehta, K., and P. Monteiro. 2006. Concrete, microsturture, properties, and materials. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. https://doi.org/10.1036/0071462899.
Mohit, M., and Y. Sharifi. 2019. “Thermal and microstructure properties of cement mortar containing ceramic waste powder as alternative cementitious materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 223 (Oct): 643–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.029.
Naceri, A., and M. C. Hamina. 2009. “Use of waste brick as a partial replacement of cement in mortar.” Waste Manage. (Oxford). 29 (8): 2378–2384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.03.026.
Nayana, A. M., and P. Rakesh. 2018. “Strength and durability study on cement mortar with ceramic waste and micro-silica.” Mater. Today. Proc. 5 (11): 24780–24791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.276.
Niu, Q., N. Feng, J. Yang, and X. Zheng. 2002. “Effect of superfine slag powder on cement properties.” Cem. Concr. Res. 32 (4): 615–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00730-X.
Pacheco-Torgal, F., and S. Jalali. 2010. “Reusing ceramic wastes in concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (5): 832–838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.10.023.
Ramachandran, V. S., and J. J. Beaudoin. 1999. Handbook of analytical techniques in concrete science and technology, principles, techniques and applications. New York: Noyes Publication.
Schuldyakov, K. V., L. Y. Kramar, and B. Y. Trofimov. 2016. “The properties of slag cement and its influence on the structure of the hardened cement paste.” Procedia Eng. 150 (Jan): 1433–1439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.202.
Shi, C. 2004. “Steel slag—Its production, processing, characteristics, and cementitious properties.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 16 (3). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:3(230).
Silva, J., J. de Brito, and R. Veiga. 2010. “Recycled red-clay ceramic construction and demolition waste for mortars production.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 22 (3): 236–244. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2010)22:3(236).
Silva, R. V., J. de Brito, and R. K. Dhir. 2016. “Performance of cementitious renderings and masonry mortars containing recycled aggregates from construction and demolition wastes.” Constr. Build. Mater. 105 (Feb): 400–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.171.
Singh, A., and V. Srivastava. 2018. “Ceramic waste in concrete—A review.” In Recent advances on engineering, technology and computational sciences (RAETCS), 1–6. New York: IEEE.
Sujjavanich, S., P. Suwanvitaya, D. Chaysuwan, and G. Heness. 2017. “Synergistic effect of metakaolin and fly ash on properties of concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 155 (Nov): 830–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.072.
Tsivolis, S., G. Kakali, E. Chaniotakis, and A. A. Souvaridou. 1988. “Study on the hydration of portland limestone cement by means of TG.” J. Therm. Anal. 52 (3): 863–870. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010139312958.
Vejmelková, E., M. Keppert, P. Rovnaníková, M. Ondráček, Z. Keršner, and R. Černý. 2012. “Properties of high performance concrete containing fine-ground ceramics as supplementary cementitious material.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 34 (1): 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.09.018.
Yong-Ping, A., and S. K. Xie. 2020. “Hydration mechanism of gypsum–slag gel materials.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (1): 04019326. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002974.
Zehil, G. P., and J. J. Assaad. 2019. “Feasibility of concrete mixtures containing cross-linked polyethylene waste materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 226 (Nov): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.285.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 22, 2019
Accepted: Feb 24, 2020
Published online: Jun 23, 2020
Published in print: Sep 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Nov 23, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.