Hydration of Portland Cement Pastes Containing Untreated and Treated Hemp Powders
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 6
Abstract
In this study, the residual of hemp products as biomass wastes has been ground into powders to be used in cement-based materials. The effect of untreated and alkaline-treated hemp powders on the hydration of portland cement paste was studied by isothermal calorimetry analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results show that partially replacing cement with untreated and alkaline-treated hemp powders can delay cement hydration and reduce the degree of hydration. Compared with untreated hemp powders, alkaline-treated (washed or nonwashed) hemp powders show a lower set delay effect on cement hydration; moreover, distilled-water-washed treated hemp powders delay less than nonwashed treated hemp powders. The study also shows that coarse hemp powders exert a lower set delay effect on cement hydration than fine hemp powders. Generally, the distilled-water-washed treated coarse hemp powders exert the minimum delay effect on cement hydration.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request. The items contain the experimental results of isothermal calorimetry analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis for this study.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the support from Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Chemical Engineering Department at University of Louisville. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1355438. This work was performed in part at the Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research at the University of Louisville, which belongs to the National Science Foundation NNCI KY Manufacturing and Nano Integration Node, supported by ECCS-1542174.
References
Adesanya, D., and A. Raheem. 2009. “Development of corn cob ash blended cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (1): 347–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.11.013.
ASTM. 2009. Standard test method for measurement of heat of hydration of hydraulic cementitious materials using isothermal conduction calorimetry. ASTM C1702. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Bilba, K., M.-A. Arsène, and A. Ouensanga. 2003. “Sugar cane bagasse fibre reinforced cement composites. Part I. Influence of the botanical components of bagasse on the setting of bagasse/cement composite.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 25 (1): 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00003-3.
Cao, Y., P. Zavaterri, J. Youngblood, R. Moon, and J. Weiss. 2015. “The influence of cellulose nanocrystal additions on the performance of cement paste.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 56 (Feb): 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.11.008.
Chakraborty, S., S. P. Kundu, A. Roy, B. Adhikari, and S. B. Majumder. 2013a. “Effect of jute as fiber reinforcement controlling the hydration characteristics of cement matrix.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52 (3): 1252–1260. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie300607r.
Chakraborty, S., S. P. Kundu, A. Roy, R. K. Basak, B. Adhikari, and S. Majumder. 2013b. “Improvement of the mechanical properties of jute fibre reinforced cement mortar: A statistical approach.” Constr. Build. Mater. 38 (Jan): 776–784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.067.
Choudhary, H., A. Anupama, R. Kumar, M. Panzi, S. Matteppanavar, B. N. Sherikar, and B. Sahoo. 2015. “Observation of phase transformations in cement during hydration.” Constr. Build. Mater. 101 (Dec): 122–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.027.
Cody, R. D., A. M. Cody, P. G. Spry, and H. Lee. 2001. Reduction of concrete deterioration by ettringite using crystal growth inhibition techniques. Ames, IA: Dept. of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State Univ.
Dewi, S. M., and M. N. Wijaya. 2017. “The use of bamboo fiber in reinforced concrete beam to reduce crack.” In Proc., AIP Conf., 020003. College Park, MD: AIP Publishing.
Feng, X., E. J. Garboczi, D. P. Bentz, P. E. Stutzman, and T. O. Mason. 2004. “Estimation of the degree of hydration of blended cement pastes by a scanning electron microscope point-counting procedure.” Cem. Concr. Res. 34 (10): 1787–1793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.01.014.
Govin, A., A. Peschard, and R. Guyonnet. 2006. “Modification of cement hydration at early ages by natural and heated wood.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 28 (1): 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2005.09.002.
Guerra, M. I., J. Mordf, J. Garcia, and D. Rodriguez. 2012. “Testing concrete made with cork powder and steel fibres.” Sci. Res. Essays 7 (46): 3974–3982. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE12.222.
Guo, A., O. B. Aamiri, J. Satyavolu, and Z. Sun. 2019. “Impact of thermally modified wood on mechanical properties of mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 208 (May): 413–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.016.
Habeeb, G. A., and H. B. Mahmud. 2010. “Study on properties of rice husk ash and its use as cement replacement material.” Mater. Res. 13 (2): 185–190. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392010000200011.
Horgnies, M., J. Chen, and C. Bouillon. 2013. “Overview about the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to study cementitious materials.” WIT Trans. Eng. Sci. 77: 251–262. https://doi.org/10.2495/MC130221.
Jo, B.-W., and S. Chakraborty. 2015. “A mild alkali treated jute fibre controlling the hydration behaviour of greener cement paste.” Sci. Rep. 5: 7837. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep07837.
John, M. J., and R. D. Anandjiwala. 2008. “Recent developments in chemical modification and characterization of natural fiber-reinforced composites.” Polym. Compos. 29 (2): 187–207. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.20461.
John, M. J., and S. Thomas. 2008. “Biofibres and biocomposites.” Carbohydr. Polym. 71 (3): 343–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.05.040.
Karim, M. R., M. M. Hossain, and S. B. Yusoff. 2017. “Engineering and sustainability aspect of palm oil shell powder in cement.” In Proc., AIP Conf., 020038. College Park, MD: AIP Publishing.
Kochova, K., K. Schollbach, F. Gauvin, and H. Brouwers. 2017. “Effect of saccharides on the hydration of ordinary portland cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 150 (Sep): 268–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.149.
Li, Z., L. Wang, and X. Wang. 2004. “Compressive and flexural properties of hemp fiber reinforced concrete.” Fibers Polym. 5 (3): 187–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02902998.
Liu, F. 2014. “Early-age hydration studies of portland cement.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Louisville.
Liu, F., and Z. Sun. 2013. “Feasibility study of using Raman spectroscopy to detect hydration in wet pastes.” ACI Mater. J. 110 (6): 611.
Lu, N., and S. Oza. 2011. “Effect of physical and chemical surface treatment on the thermal stability of hemp fibers as reinforcement in composite structures.” In Proc., Applied Mechanics and Materials, 616–620. Bäch, Switzerland: Trans Tech.
Lv, G.-J., S.-B. Wu, and R. Lou. 2010. “Kinetic study for the thermal decomposition of hemicellulose isolated from corn stalk.” BioResources 5 (2): 1281–1291.
Matos, A. M., S. Nunes, and J. Sousa-Coutinho. 2015. “Cork waste in cement based materials.” Mater. Des. 85 (Nov): 230–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.082.
Mollah, M., W. Yu, R. Schennach, and D. L. Cocke. 2000. “A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic investigation of the early hydration of portland cement and the influence of sodium lignosulfonate.” Cem. Concr. Res. 30 (2): 267–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00243-4.
Pane, I., and W. Hansen. 2005. “Investigation of blended cement hydration by isothermal calorimetry and thermal analysis.” Cem. Concr. Res. 35 (6): 1155–1164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.10.027.
Peschard, A., A. Govin, P. Grosseau, B. Guilhot, and R. Guyonnet. 2004. “Effect of polysaccharides on the hydration of cement paste at early ages.” Cem. Concr. Res. 34 (11): 2153–2158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.04.001.
Quiroga, A., V. Marzocchi, and I. Rintoul. 2016. “Influence of wood treatments on mechanical properties of wood–cement composites and of Populus Euroamericana wood fibers.” Composites Part B 84 (Jan): 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.069.
Sakr, K. 2006. “Effects of silica fume and rice husk ash on the properties of heavy weight concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 18 (3): 367–376. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:3(367).
Sawpan, M. A., K. L. Pickering, and A. Fernyhough. 2011. “Effect of various chemical treatments on the fibre structure and tensile properties of industrial hemp fibres.” Composites Part A 42 (8): 888–895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.03.008.
Shang, H., and Z. Sun. 2019. “PAHs (naphthalene) removal from stormwater runoff by organoclay amended pervious concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 200 (Mar): 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.096.
Smith, B. J., A. Rawal, G. P. Funkhouser, L. R. Roberts, V. Gupta, J. N. Israelachvili, and B. F. Chmelka. 2011. “Origins of saccharide-dependent hydration at aluminate, silicate, and aluminosilicate surfaces.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108 (22): 8949–8954. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104526108.
State of Connecticut. 2005. “FT-IR spectroscopy: Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR).” PerkinElmer Company. Accessed February 19, 2020. https://cmdis.rpi.edu/sites/default/files/ATR_FTIR.pdf.
Sun, Z., F. Liu, T. Tong, C. Qi, and Q. Yu. 2017. “Hydration of concrete containing hybrid recycled demolition powders.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (7): 04017037. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001842.
Tay, J.-H. 1990. “Ash from oil-palm waste as a concrete material.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2 (2): 94–105. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1990)2:2(94).
Vaickelionis, G., and R. Vaickelioniene. 2006. “Cement hydration in the presence of wood extractives and pozzolan mineral additives.” Ceram. Silik. 50 (2): 115.
Wang, S., H. Lin, L. Zhang, G. Dai, Y. Zhao, X. Wang, and B. Ru. 2016. “Structural characterization and pyrolysis behavior of cellulose and hemicellulose isolated from softwood Pinus armandii Franch.” Energy Fuels 30 (7): 5721–5728. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00650.
Wei, J., and C. Meyer. 2014. “Improving degradation resistance of sisal fiber in concrete through fiber surface treatment.” Appl. Surf. Sci. 289 (Jan): 511–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.11.024.
Xie, X., G. Gou, X. Wei, Z. Zhou, M. Jiang, X. Xu, Z. Wang, and D. Hui. 2016. “Influence of pretreatment of rice straw on hydration of straw fiber filled cement based composites.” Constr. Build. Mater. 113 (Jun): 449–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.088.
Yang, H., R. Yan, H. Chen, D. H. Lee, and C. Zheng. 2007. “Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis.” Fuel 86 (12): 1781–1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.12.013.
Ylmén, R., U. Jäglid, B.-M. Steenari, and I. Panas. 2009. “Early hydration and setting of portland cement monitored by IR, SEM and Vicat techniques.” Cem. Concr. Res. 39 (5): 433–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.01.017.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32 • Issue 6 • June 2020
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 27, 2019
Accepted: Dec 2, 2019
Published online: Mar 31, 2020
Published in print: Jun 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Aug 31, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.