Research on Molecular Weight Distribution and Rheological Properties of Bitumen during Short-Term Aging
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 3
Abstract
In recent years, asphalt pavements have been widely used due to their desirable properties: safety, smoothness, and durability. However, the aging of bitumen during its service period is inevitable, so the performance of asphalt pavement will decline. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the aging mechanism systematically to offer a new way of illustrating changes during the aging process, and the investigation of the short-term aging mechanism could be a first step. This study explored the variations of rheological properties and molecular weight distribution during the aging process, and the data obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were analyzed by principal component analysis. The experiments in this research include preparing aged bitumen samples under five aging temperatures and six aging durations, and then tests were performed using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and GPC. The results indicate that the aging increased complex modules (), creep stiffness (), and fatigue resistance index () but decreased phase angle () and -values. In addition, the transformation from medium molecular size to large molecular size was found to be the most significant phenomenon during the aging process. Moreover, during the aging process of bitumen, the molecular weight distribution index polydispersity index was found to have the best correlation with rheological properties.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This project was jointly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFB1600200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51608043), the Youth Top-Notch Talent Support Program of Shaanxi Province, and the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation (Grant No. 161072).
References
AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials). 2012. Standard method of test for estimating fatigue resistance of asphalt binders using the linear amplitude sweep. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Ameri, M., A. Mansourian, and A. H. Sheikhmotevali. 2013. “Laboratory evaluation of ethylene vinyl acetate modified bitumens and mixtures based upon performance related parameters.” Constr. Build. Mater. 40 (Mar): 438–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.109.
Arabani, M., S. A. Tahami, and G. H. Hamedi. 2018. “Performance evaluation of dry process crumb rubber-modified asphalt mixtures with nanomaterial.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 19 (5): 1241–1258. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1302356.
ASTM. 2014. Standard test method for softening point of bitumen (ring-and-ball apparatus). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM. 2015a. Standard test method for determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM. 2015b. Standard test method for solubility of asphalt materials in trichloroethylene. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM. 2016a. Standard test method for determining the flexural creep stiffness of asphalt binder using the bending beam rheometer (BBR). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM. 2016b. Standard practice for viscosity-temperature chart for asphalt binders. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM. 2017. Standard test method for ductility of asphalt materials. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM. 2018a. Standard test method for density of semi-solid asphalt binder (pycnometer method). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM. 2018b. Standard test method for flash and fire points by cleveland open cup tester. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM. 2019a. Standard test method for effect of heat and air on a moving film of asphalt (rolling thin-film oven test). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM. 2019b. Standard test method for penetration of bituminous materials. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
Baek, S. H., H. H. Kim, Y. S. Doh, and K. W. Kim. 2009. “Estimation of high-temperature properties of rubberized asphalt using chromatograph.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 13 (3): 161–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0161-1.
Behnood, A., and J. Olek. 2017. “Rheological properties of asphalt binders modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), ground tire rubber (GTR), or polyphosphoric acid (PPA).” Constr. Build. Mater. 151 (Oct): 464–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.115.
Bonnetti, K. S., K. Nam, and H. U. Bahia. 2002. “Measuring and defining fatigue behavior of asphalt binders.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1810 (1): 33–43. https://doi.org/10.3141/1810-05.
Bowers, B. F., B. Huang, X. Shu, and B. C. Miller. 2014. “Investigation of reclaimed asphalt pavement blending efficiency through GPC and FTIR.” Constr. Build. Mater. 50 (Jan): 517–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.003.
Casey, D., C. McNally, A. Gibney, and M. D. Gilchrist. 2008. “Development of a recycled polymer modified binder for use in stone mastic asphalt.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 52 (10): 1167–1174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.06.002.
Chen, A., G. Liu, Y. Zhao, J. Li, Y. Pan, and J. Zhou. 2018. “Research on the aging and rejuvenation mechanisms of asphalt using atomic force microscopy.” Constr. Build. Mater. 167 (Apr): 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.008.
Ding, H., A. Rahman, Q. Li, and Y. Qiu. 2017. “Advanced mechanical characterization of asphalt mastics containing tourmaline modifier.” Constr. Build. Mater. 150 (Sep): 520–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.203.
Durrieu, F., F. Farcas, and V. Mouillet. 2007. “The influence of UV aging of a styrene/butadiene/styrene modified bitumen: Comparison between laboratory and on site aging.” Fuel 86 (10–11): 1446–1451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.11.024.
Elkashef, M., J. Podolsky, R. C. Williams, and E. Cochran. 2017. “Preliminary examination of soybean oil derived material as a potential rejuvenator through Superpave criteria and asphalt bitumen rheology.” Constr. Build. Mater. 149 (Sep): 826–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.195.
Feng, Z. G., H. J. Bian, X. J. Li, and J. Y. Yu. 2016a. “FTIR analysis of UV aging on bitumen and its fractions.” Mater. Struct. 49 (4): 1381–1389. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0583-9.
Feng, Z. G., S. J. Wang, H. J. Bian, Q. L. Guo, and X. J. Li. 2016b. “FTIR and rheology analysis of aging on different ultraviolet absorber modified bitumens.” Constr. Build. Mater. 115 (Jul): 48–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.040.
Fernández-Gómez, W. D., H. A. R. Quintana, C. E. Daza, and F. A. R. Lizcano. 2014. “The effects of environmental aging on Colombian asphalts.” Fuel 115 (Jan): 321–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.009.
Guo, M., Y. Huang, L. Wang, J. Yu, and Y. Hou. 2018. “Using atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the asphalt micro properties.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 11 (4): 321–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.09.017.
Hajj, E. Y., L. G. L. Salazar, and P. E. Sebaaly. 2012. “Methodologies for estimating effective performance grade of asphalt binders in mixtures with high recycled asphalt pavement content: Case study.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2294 (1): 53–63. https://doi.org/10.3141/2294-06.
Hao, G., W. Huang, J. Yuan, N. Tang, and F. Xiao. 2017. “Effect of aging on chemical and rheological properties of SBS modified asphalt with different compositions.” Constr. Build. Mater. 156 (Dec): 902–910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.146.
Hu, J., S. Wu, Q. Liu, M. I. G. Hernández, and W. Zeng. 2018. “Effect of ultraviolet radiation on bitumen by different ageing procedures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 163 (Feb): 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.014.
Ibrahim, I. M., E. S. Fathy, M. El-Shafie, and M. Y. Elnaggar. 2015. “Impact of incorporated gamma irradiated crumb rubber on the short-term aging resistance and rheological properties of asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 81 (Apr): 42–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.01.015.
Jennings, P. W., P. W. Pribanic, W. Campbell, K. Dawson, S. Shane, and R. Taylor. 1980. High pressure liquid chromatography as a method of measuring asphalt composition. Columbia Falls, MT: Federal Highway Administration.
Johnson, C. M. 2010. “Estimating asphalt binder fatigue resistance using an accelerated test method.” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison.
Juristyarini, P., R. Davison, and C. J. Glover. 2011. “Development of an asphalt aging procedure to assess long-term binder performance.” Pet. Sci. Technol. 29 (21): 2258–2268. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916461003699192.
Kim, K. W., and J. L. Burati, Jr. 1993. “Use of GPC chromatograms to characterize aged asphalt cements.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 5 (1): 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1993)5:1(41).
Kim, K. W., K. Kim, Y. S. Doh, and S. N. Amirkhanian. 2006a. “Estimation of RAP’s binder viscosity using GPC without binder recovery.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 18 (4): 561–567. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:4(561).
Kim, Y. R., H. J. Lee, D. N. Little, Y. R. Kim, N. Gibson, G. King, T. Pellinen, and F. Fee. 2006b. “A simple testing method to evaluate fatigue fracture and damage performance of asphalt mixtures.” In Vol. 75 of Asphalt Paving Technology: Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists-Proc., Technical Sessions, 755–788. Lino Lakes, MI: Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists.
Kucukvar, M., and O. Tatari. 2012. “Ecologically based hybrid life cycle analysis of continuously reinforced concrete and hot-mix asphalt pavements.” Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. 17 (1): 86–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2011.05.006.
Lamontagne, J., P. Dumas, V. Mouillet, and J. Kister. 2001. “Comparison by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of different ageing techniques: Application to road bitumens.” Fuel 80 (4): 483–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00121-6.
Lee, S. J., S. N. Amirkhanian, and K. W. Kim. 2009. “Laboratory evaluation of the effects of short-term oven aging on asphalt binders in asphalt mixtures using HP-GPC.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (9): 3087–3093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.03.012.
Lesueur, D. 2009. “The colloidal structure of bitumen: Consequences on the rheology and on the mechanisms of bitumen modification.” Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 145 (1–2): 42–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2008.08.011.
Liu, G., E. Nielsen, J. Komacka, L. Greet, and M. van de Ven. 2014. “Rheological and chemical evaluation on the ageing properties of SBS polymer modified bitumen: From the laboratory to the field.” Constr. Build. Mater. 51 (Jan): 244–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.043.
Liu, G., T. Yang, J. Li, Y. Jia, Y. Zhao, and J. Zhang. 2018a. “Effects of aging on rheological properties of asphalt materials and asphalt-filler interaction ability.” Constr. Build. Mater. 168 (Apr): 501–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.171.
Liu, H., A. Sha, Z. Tong, and J. Gao. 2018c. “Autonomous microscopic bunch inspection using region-based deep learning for evaluating graphite powder dispersion.” Constr. Build. Mater. 173 (Jun): 525–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.050.
Liu, S., H. Meng, Y. Xu, and S. Zhou. 2018b. “Evaluation of rheological characteristics of asphalt modified with waste engine oil (WEO).” Pet. Sci. Technol. 36 (6): 475–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2018.1430157.
Liu, S., A. Peng, J. Wu, and S. B. Zhou. 2018d. “Waste engine oil influences on chemical and rheological properties of different asphalt binders.” Constr. Build. Mater. 191 (Dec): 1210–1220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.126.
Lu, X., and U. Isacsson. 1998. “Chemical and rheological evaluation of ageing properties of SBS polymer modified bitumens.” Fuel 77 (9–10): 961–972. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(97)00283-4.
Lu, X., and U. Isacsson. 2002. “Effect of ageing on bitumen chemistry and rheology.” Constr. Build. Mater. 16 (1): 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(01)00033-2.
Ma, T., H. Wang, L. He, Y. Zhao, X. Huang, and J. Chen. 2017. “Property characterization of asphalt binders and mixtures modified by different crumb rubbers.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (7): 04017036. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001890.
Mikhailenko, P., A. Bertron, and E. Ringot. 2016. “Methods for analyzing the chemical mechanisms of bitumen aging and rejuvenation with FTIR spectrometry.” In Proc., 8th RILEM Int. Symp. on Testing and Characterization of Sustainable and Innovative Bituminous Materials, 203–214. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Mikhailenko, P., C. Kou, H. Baaj, L. Poulikakos, A. Cannone-Falchetto, J. Besamusca, and B. Hofko. 2019. “Comparison of ESEM and physical properties of virgin and laboratory aged asphalt binders.” Fuel 235 (Jan): 627–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.052.
Mouillet, V., J. Lamontagne, F. Durrieu, J. P. Planche, and L. Lapalu. 2008. “Infrared microscopy investigation of oxidation and phase evolution in bitumen modified with polymers.” Fuel 87 (7): 1270–1280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.06.029.
Nahar, S. N., J. Qiu, A. J. M. Schmets, E. Schlangen, M. Shirazi, M. F. C. Van de Ven, and A. Scarpas. 2014. “Turning back time: Rheological and microstructural assessment of rejuvenated bitumen.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2444 (1): 52–62. https://doi.org/10.3141/2444-06.
Pearson, K. 1901. “LIII. On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space.” London Edinburgh Dublin Philos. Mag. J. Sci. 2 (11): 559–572. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786440109462720.
Peralta, J., M. A. Raouf, S. Tang, and R. C. Williams. 2012. “Bio-renewable asphalt modifiers and asphalt substitutes.” In Sustainable bioenergy and bioproducts, 89–115. London: Springer.
Polaczyk, P., B. Han, B. Huang, X. Jia, and X. Shu. 2018. “Evaluation of the hot mix asphalt compactability utilizing the impact compaction method.” Constr. Build. Mater. 187 (Oct): 131–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.117.
Qin, Q., J. F. Schabron, R. B. Boysen, and M. J. Farrar. 2014. “Field aging effect on chemistry and rheology of asphalt binders and rheological predictions for field aging.” Fuel 121 (Apr): 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.12.040.
Qiu, Y., H. Ding, A. Rahman, and W. Wang. 2018. “Damage characteristics of waste engine oil bottom rejuvenated asphalt binder in the non-linear range and its microstructure.” Constr. Build. Mater. 174 (Jun): 202–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.056.
Ragab, M., and M. Abdelrahman. 2018. “Enhancing the crumb rubber modified asphalt’s storage stability through the control of its internal network structure.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 11 (1): 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.08.003.
Rasool, R., P. Song, and S. Wang. 2018. “Thermal analysis on the interactions among asphalt modified with SBS and different degraded tire rubber.” Constr. Build. Mater. 182 (Sep): 134–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.104.
Razmi, A., and M. M. Mirsayar. 2018. “Fracture resistance of asphalt concrete modified with crumb rubber at low temperatures.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 11 (3): 265–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.10.003.
Redelius, P., and H. Soenen. 2015. “Relation between bitumen chemistry and performance.” Fuel 140 (Jan): 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.044.
Rodríguez-Valverde, M. A., P. Ramón-Torregrosa, A. Páez-Dueñas, M. A. Cabrerizo-Vílchez, and R. Hidalgo-Álvarez. 2008. “Imaging techniques applied to characterize bitumen and bituminous emulsions.” Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 136 (1–2): 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2007.07.008.
Sun, D., G. Sun, Y. Du, X. Zhu, T. Lu, Q. Pang, and Z. Dai. 2017. “Evaluation of optimized bio-asphalt containing high content waste cooking oil residues.” Fuel 202 (Aug): 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.069.
Tran, N., Z. Xie, G. Julian, A. Taylor, R. Willis, M. Robbins, and S. Buchanan. 2016. “Effect of a recycling agent on the performance of high-RAP and high-RAS mixtures: Field and lab experiments.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (1): 04016178. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001697.
Wang, H., R. Zhang, Y. Chen, Z. You, and J. Fang. 2016. “Study on microstructure of rubberized recycled hot mix asphalt based X-ray CT technology.” Constr. Build. Mater. 121 (Sep): 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.166.
Wang, J., J. Yuan, K. W. Kim, and F. Xiao. 2018b. “Chemical, thermal and rheological characteristics of composite polymerized asphalts.” Fuel 227 (Sep): 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.100.
Wang, K., Y. Yuan, S. Han, and H. Yang. 2018a. “Application of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and principal component analysis (PCA) for quick identifying of the bitumen produced by different manufacturers.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 19 (8): 1940–1949. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1352016.
Wang, M., and L. Liu. 2017. “Investigation of microscale aging behavior of asphalt binders using atomic force microscopy.” Constr. Build. Mater. 135 (Mar): 411–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.180.
Wang, Y., Y. Wen, K. Zhao, D. Chong, and J. Wei. 2014. “Connections between the rheological and chemical properties of long-term aged asphalt binders.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 27 (9): 04014248. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001214.
Wold, S., K. Esbensen, and P. Geladi. 1987. “Principal component analysis.” Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 2 (1–3): 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7439(87)80084-9.
Wu, S. P., L. Pang, L. T. Mo, Y. C. Chen, and G. J. Zhu. 2009. “Influence of aging on the evolution of structure, morphology and rheology of base and SBS modified bitumen.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (2): 1005–1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.05.004.
Xiao, F., S. Amirkhanian, H. Wang, and P. Hao. 2014. “Rheological property investigations for polymer and polyphosphoric acid modified asphalt binders at high temperatures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 64 (Aug): 316–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.082.
Xiao, F., and S. N. Amirkhanian. 2014. “Special issue on utilization of crumb rubber in asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 67 (B): 216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.057.
Xie, Z., N. Tran, G. Julian, A. Taylor, and L. D. Blackburn. 2017. “Performance of asphalt mixtures with high recycled contents using rejuvenators and warm-mix additive: Field and lab experiments.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (10): 04017190. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002037.
Xu, G., H. Wang, and H. Zhu. 2017. “Rheological properties and anti-aging performance of asphalt binder modified with wood lignin.” Constr. Build. Mater. 151 (Oct): 801–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.151.
Yang, X., J. Mills-Beale, and Z. You. 2017. “Chemical characterization and oxidative aging of bio-asphalt and its compatibility with petroleum asphalt.” J. Cleaner Prod. 142 (Jan): 1837–1847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.100.
Yang, X., Z. You, Q. Dai, and J. Mills-Beale. 2014. “Mechanical performance of asphalt mixtures modified by bio-oils derived from waste wood resources.” Constr. Build. Mater. 51 (Jan): 424–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.017.
Yang, X., Z. You, D. Perram, D. Hand, Z. Ahmed, W. Wei, and S. Luo. 2019. “Emission analysis of recycled tire rubber modified asphalt in hot and warm mix conditions.” J. Hazard. Mater. 365 (Mar): 942–951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.080.
Yao, H., Q. Dai, and Z. You. 2015. “Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy characterization of aging-related properties of original and nano-modified asphalt binders.” Constr. Build. Mater. 101 (Dec): 1078–1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.085.
Yu, X., M. Zaumanis, S. Dos Santos, and L. D. Poulikakos. 2014. “Rheological, microscopic, and chemical characterization of the rejuvenating effect on asphalt binders.” Fuel 135 (Nov): 162–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.06.038.
Yut, I., and A. Zofka. 2014. “Correlation between rheology and chemical composition of aged polymer-modified asphalts.” Constr. Build. Mater. 62 (Jul): 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.03.043.
Zaumanis, M., R. B. Mallick, L. Poulikakos, and R. Frank. 2014. “Influence of six rejuvenators on the performance properties of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binder and 100% recycled asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 71 (Nov): 538–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.073.
Zhang, F., J. Yu, and J. Han. 2011. “Effects of thermal oxidative ageing on dynamic viscosity, TG/DTG, DTA and FTIR of SBS-and SBS/sulfur-modified asphalts.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (1): 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.048.
Zhang, H., Z. Chen, L. Li, and C. Zhu. 2017. “Evaluation of aging behaviors of asphalt with different thermochromic powders.” Constr. Build. Mater. 155 (Nov): 1198–1205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.161.
Zhang, H., Z. Chen, G. Xu, and C. Shi. 2018a. “Evaluation of aging behaviors of asphalt binders through different rheological indices.” Fuel 221 (Jun): 78–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.087.
Zhang, H., C. Zhu, J. Yu, C. Shi, and D. Zhang. 2015. “Influence of surface modification on physical and ultraviolet aging resistance of bitumen containing inorganic nanoparticles.” Constr. Build. Mater. 98 (Nov): 735–740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.138.
Zhang, R., Z. You, H. Wang, X. Chen, C. Si, and C. Peng. 2018b. “Using bio-based rejuvenator derived from waste wood to recycle old asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 189 (Nov): 568–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.201.
Zhao, J., X. Huang, and T. Xu. 2015. “Combustion mechanism of asphalt binder with TG–MS technique based on components separation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 80 (Apr): 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.056.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32 • Issue 3 • March 2020
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 6, 2019
Accepted: Jul 25, 2019
Published online: Dec 28, 2019
Published in print: Mar 1, 2020
Discussion open until: May 28, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.