Influence of Silica Fume on Mechanical Properties and Water Resistance of Magnesium–Ammonium Phosphate Cement
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 3
Abstract
The influence of silica fume (SF) on the strength and water resistance of magnesium–ammonium phosphate cement (MAPC) was investigated, and the improvement mechanism was also studied by employing analysis techniques that included X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) tests. The addition of SF is observed to incrementally decrease the flowability of MAPC pastes as well as their temperature during hydration processes. The mechanical properties of all MAPC paste mixtures containing SF were higher than those of a basic control group at all curing ages. Moreover, the water resistance of MAPC samples with SF was also enhanced. The pH of the soaking liquids indicates that the precipitate of MAPC is reduced after adding silica fume. XRD spectrums of MAPC pastes indicated the formation of secondary reaction products (MgSiO3), except the main hydration product struvite and residual magnesia. The microscopic morphology and internal action of MgSiO3 were further analyzed by SEM and SEM-EDS.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 51778363.
References
Abdelrazig, B. E. I., J. H. Sharp, and B. El-Jazairi. 1989. “The microstructure and mechanical properties of mortars made from magnesia: Phosphate cement.” Cem. Concr. Res. 19 (2): 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(89)90089-6.
Ahmad, M. R., B. Chen, and Y. Jiang. 2019. “A comprehensive study of basalt fiber reinforced magnesium phosphate cement incorporating ultrafine fly ash.” Composites Part B 168 (Jul): 204–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.065.
Buj, I., J. Torras, M. Rovira, and J. de Pablo. 2010. “Leaching behaviour of magnesium phosphate cements containing high quantities of heavy metals.” J. Hazard. Mater. 175 (1–3): 789–794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.077.
Burroughs, J. F., J. Weiss, and J. E. Haddock. 2019. “Influence of high volumes of silica fume on the rheological behavior of oil well cement pastes.” Constr. Build. Mater. 203 (Apr): 401–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.027.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2010. Méthodes d’essais des ciments. Partie 9: Chaleur d’hydratation—Méthode semi-adiabatique. EN 196-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Chau, C. K., F. Qiao, and Z. Li. 2011. “Microstructure of magnesium-potassium phosphate cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (6): 2911–2917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.12.035.
Chong, L., C. Shi, and J. Yang. 2017a. “Effect of limestone powder on the water stability of magnesium phosphate cement-based materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 148 (Sep): 590–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.207.
Chong, L. L., J. M. Yang, and C. J. Shi. 2017b. “Effect of curing regime on water resistance of magnesium–potassium phosphate cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 151 (Oct): 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.056.
Coelho, C. C., R. Araújo, P. A. Quadros, and S. R. Sousa. 2019. “Antibacterial bone substitute of hydroxyapatite and magnesium oxide to prevent dental and orthopaedic infections.” Mater. Sci. Eng. C 97 (Apr): 529–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.059.
Covill, A., N. Hyatt, and J. Hill. 2011. “Development of magnesium phosphate cements for encapsulation of radioactive waste.” Adv. Appl. Ceram. 110 (3): 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743676110Y.0000000008.
Davidovits, J. 1994. “Recent progresses in concretes for nuclear waste and uranium waste containment.” Concr. Int. 16 (12): 53–58.
Deng, D. 2003. “The mechanism for soluble phosphates to improve the water resistance of magnesium oxychloride cement.” Cem. Concr. Res. 33 (9): 1311–1317. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00043-7.
Ding, Z., B. Dong, and F. Xing. 2012. “Cementing mechanism of potassium phosphate based magnesium phosphate cement.” Ceram. Int. 38 (8): 6281–6288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.04.083.
Fan, S., and B. Chen. 2014. “Experimental study of phosphate salts influencing properties of magnesium phosphate cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 65 (9): 480–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.021.
Fan, S., and B. Chen. 2015. “Experimental research of water stability of magnesium alumina phosphate cements mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 94 (Sep): 164–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.050.
Formosa, J., A. M. Lacasta, and A. Navarro. 2015. “Magnesium phosphate cements formulated with a low-grade MgO by-product: Physico-mechanical and durability aspects.” Constr. Build. Mater. 91 (Aug): 150–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.071.
Hall, D. A., R. Stevens, and B. El-Jazairi. 2001. “The effect of retarders on the microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesia–phosphate cement mortar.” Cem. Concr. Res. 31 (3): 455–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00501-9.
He, J., J. Zhang, and Y. Yu. 2012. “The strength and microstructure of two geopolymers derived from metakaolin and red mud-fly ash admixture: A comparative study.” Constr. Build. Mater. 30 (5): 80–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.011.
Jiang, Y., M. R. Ahmad, and B. Chen. 2019. “Properties of magnesium phosphate cement containing steel slag powder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 195 (Jan): 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.085.
Lang, L., N. Liu, and B. Chen. 2020. “Strength development of solidified dredged sludge containing humic acid with cement, lime and nano-.” Constr. Build. Mater. 230 (Jan): 116971–116981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116971.
Langan, B. W., K. Weng, and M. A. Ward. 2002. “Effect of silica fume and fly ash on heat of hydration of portland cement.” Cem. Concr. Res. 32 (7): 1045–1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00742-1.
Li, D. X., P. X. Li, and C. H. Feng. 2009. “Research on water resistance of magnesium phosphate cement.” [In Chinese.] J. Build. Mater. 12 (5): 505–510.
Li, Y., and B. Chen. 2013. “Factors that affect the properties of magnesium phosphate cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 47 (Oct): 977–983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.103.
Liu, N., and B. Chen. 2016. “Experimental research on magnesium phosphate cements containing alumina.” Constr. Build. Mater. 121 (Sep): 354–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.010.
Liu, Y. T., Z. Qin, and B. Chen. 2020. “Experimental research on magnesium phosphate cements modified by red mud.” Constr. Build. Mater. 231 (Jan): 117131–117143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117131.
Liu, Z., G. Qian, and J. Zhou. 2008. “Improvement of ground granulated blast furnace slag on stabilization/solidification of simulated mercury-doped wastes in chemically bonded phosphate ceramics.” J. Hazard. Mater. 157 (1): 146–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.110.
Lu, X., and B. Chen. 2016. “Experimental study of magnesium phosphate cements modified by metakaolin.” Constr. Build. Mater. 123 (Oct): 719–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.092.
Mathew, M., and L. W. Schroeder. 1979. “Crystal structure of a struvite analogue, .” Acta Cryst. B 35 (1): 11–13. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567740879002429.
Papadakis, V. G. 1999. “Experimental investigation and theoretical modeling of silica fume activity in concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 29 (1): 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00171-9.
Rouzic, M. L., T. Chaussadent, and L. Stefan. 2017. “On the influence of Mg/P ratio on the properties and durability of magnesium potassium phosphate cement pastes.” Cem. Concr. Res. 96 (Jun): 27–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.033.
Russell, H. G., and B. A. Graybeal. 2013. Ultra-high performance concrete: A state-of-the-art report for the bridge community. FHWA-HRT-13-060. McLean, VA: Federal Highway Administration.
SAC (Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China). 2012. Test methods for water requirement of normal consistency, setting time and soundness of the portland cement. [In Chinese.] GB/T 1346-2011. Beijing: SAC.
Seehra, S. S., S. Gupta, and S. Kumar. 1993. “Rapid setting magnesium phosphate cement for quick repair of concrete pavements: Characterisation and durability aspects.” Cem. Concr. Res. 23 (2): 254–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(93)90090-V.
Sugama, T., and L. E. Kukacka. 1983. “Magnesium monophosphate cements derived from diammonium phosphate solutions.” Cem. Concr. Res. 13 (3): 407–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(83)90041-8.
Tan, Y., J. Dong, H. Yu, Y. Li, J. Wen, and C. Wu. 2017. “Study on the injectability of a novel glucose modified magnesium potassium phosphate chemically bonded ceramic.” Mater. Sci. Eng., C 79 (Oct): 894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.275.
UNE (Spanish Association for Standardization). 2000. Methods of test for mortar for masonry. Part 3: Determination of consistence of fresh mortar (by flow table). UNE-EN 1015-3. Madrid, Spain: UNE.
Vinokurov, S. E., Y. M. Kulyako, and O. M. Slyuntchev. 2009. “Low-temperature immobilization of actinides and other components of high-level waste in magnesium potassium phosphate matrices.” J. Nucl. Mater. 385 (1): 189–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.09.053.
Wagh, A. S. 2012. “Chemically bonded phosphate ceramics: A novel class of geopolymers.” In Advances in ceramic matrix composites X, Vol. 165 of Ceramic Transactions, edited by J. P. Singh, N. P. Bansal, and W. M. Kriven, 107–116. Westerville, OH: American Ceramic Society.
Wagh, A. S., S. Y. Jeong, and D. Singh. 1999. “High strength phosphate cement using industrial byproduct ashes.” In High Strength Concrete: Proc., 1st Int. Conf. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Wei, L., S. Wei, and Z. J. Li. 2010. “Study on the effects of fly ash in magnesium phosphate cement.” J. Build. Phys. 13 (6): 716–721.
Xu, B., B. Lothenbach, and H. Ma. 2018. “Properties of fly ash blended magnesium-potassium phosphate mortars: Effect of the ratio between fly ash and magnesia.” Cem. Concr. Res. 90 (Jul): 169–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.04.002.
Xu, B., H. Ma, H. Shao, Z. Li, and B. Lothenbach. 2017. “Influence of fly ash on compressive strength and micro-characteristics of magnesium potassium phosphate cement mortars.” Cem. Concr. Res. 99 (Sep): 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.05.008.
Yang, Q., and X. Wu. 1999. “Factors influencing properties of phosphate cement-based binder for rapid repair of concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 29 (3): 389–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00230-0.
Yang, Q., B. Zhu, and S. Zhang. 2000. “Properties and applications of magnesia–phosphate cement mortar for rapid repair of concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 30 (11): 1807–1813. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00419-1.
Yu, J. H., J. X. Dong, and J. B. Han. 2017. “Experimental study on water resistance of phosphate rapid repairing materials.” J. Guangxi Univ. (Nat. Sci. Edc.) 42 (1): 320–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.092.
Zhang, G., G. Li, and T. He. 2017. “Effects of sulphoaluminate cement on the strength and water stability of magnesium potassium phosphate cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 132 (Feb): 335–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.011.
Zhang, M. H., and O. E. Gjorv. 1991. “Effect of silica fume on the cement hydration of low porosity cement pastes.” Cem. Concr. Res. 21 (5): 800–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(91)90175-H.
Zhang, X., and G. X. Li. 2018. “Effect of calcium aluminate cement on water resistance and high-temperature resistance of magnesium-potassium phosphate cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 175 (Jun): 768–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.200.
Zheng, D. D., T. Ji, and C. Q. Wang. 2016. “Effect of the combination of fly ash and silica fume on water resistance of magnesium-potassium phosphate cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 106 (Mar): 415–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.085.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32 • Issue 3 • March 2020
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 28, 2019
Accepted: Jul 22, 2019
Published online: Dec 20, 2019
Published in print: Mar 1, 2020
Discussion open until: May 20, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.