Technical Papers
Jun 18, 2019

Bond Behavior of Deformed Bars in Self-Compacting Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Subjected to Lateral Tensions

Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 9

Abstract

The bond performance of reinforcing bars to concrete, an indispensable factor in designing reinforced concrete structures, is deeply influenced by the stress states of surrounding concrete. In recent decades, although self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete (SCLC) has gained popularity in architectural engineering, the bond stress-slip relationship of deformed bars in SCLC under lateral tension remains unknown. In this study, 179 pullout tests were performed to examine the local bond stress-slip behavior of deformed bars in SCLC. In addition, the effects of various parameters on the ultimate bond strength and the slip at the ultimate bond stress, as well as the residual bond strength, were analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that both the bond strength and slip at the ultimate stress decrease with the increase of lateral tension regardless of whether it is in pull-out or splitting failure mode. In addition, an empirical formula was proposed that gives a reasonable prediction of the measured bond stress-slip curve of the SCLC.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation Grant Nos. 51278082 and 51421064 of the People’s Republic of China, and the UK Royal Academy of Engineering through the Distinguished Visiting Fellow scheme under grant DVF1617_5_21 is gratefully acknowledged.

References

Cairns, J. 1979. “An analysis of the ultimate strength of lapped joints of compression reinforcement.” Mag. Concr. Res. 31 (106): 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.1979.31.106.19.
Campione, G., C. Cucchiara, L. L. Mendola, and M. Papia. 2005. “Steel-concrete bond in lightweight fiber reinforced concrete under monotonic and cyclic actions.” Eng. Struct. 27 (6): 881–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.01.010.
CEB-fib (Comité Euro-International du Béton/Fédération international du béton). 2013. FIP model code for concrete structures 2010. Berlin: Ernst & Sohn.
CEB-fib (Comité Euro-International du Béton/Fédération internationale du béton). 1991. CEB-FIP model code 1990. London: Thomas Telford.
Choi, Y. W., Y. J. Kim, H. C. Shin, and H. Y. Moon. 2006. “An experimental research on the fluidity and mechanical properties of high strength lightweight self-compacting concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 36 (9): 1595–1602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.11.003.
EFNARC (European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete). 2002. Specification and guidelines for self-compacting concrete. Norfolk, UK: EFNARC.
Eibl, J., J. Akkermann, K. Idda, and H. N. Lucero-Cimas. 1998. “Rotational behaviour of reinforced concrete corners and bond under lateral tension.” In Ductility of reinforced concrete structures: Bulletin d’information/Comité Euro-International du Béton, 259–273. Lausanne, Switzerland: Comité Euro-Internationa du Béton.
Feldman, L. R., and F. M. Bartlett. 2005. “Bond strength variability in pull-out specimens with plain reinforcement.” ACI Struct. J. 102 (6): 860–867.
Gambarova, P. G., and G. P. Rosati. 1997. “Bond and splitting in bar pullout: Behavioural laws and concrete cover role.” Mag. Concr. Res. 49 (179): 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.1997.49.179.99.
Hassoun, M. N., and A. Al-Manaseer. 2014. Structural concrete: Theory and design. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
ISO. 2009. Cement-test methods—Determination of strength. ISO 679. Geneva: ISO.
Jiang, T., X. Zhang, and Z. M. Wu. 2017. “Bond-slip response of plain bars embedded in self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete under lateral tensions.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (9): 04017084. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001893.
Kaffetzakis, M., and C. Papanicolaou. 2016. “Bond behavior of reinforcement in lightweight aggregate self-compacting concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 113 (15): 641–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.081.
Kaszyńska, M., and A. Zieliński. 2012. “Influence of mixture composition on shrinkage cracking of lightweight self-consolidating concrete.” In Vol. 10 of Proc., Int. Symp. on Brittle Matrix Composites. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Lachemi, M., S. Bae, K. M. A. Hossain, and M. Sahmaran. 2009. “Steel-concrete bond strength of lightweight self-consolidating concrete.” Mater. Struct. 42 (7): 1015–1023. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-008-9440-4.
Laldji, S., and A. G. Young. 1988. “Bond between steel strand and cement grout in ground anchorages.” Mag. Concr. Res. 40 (143): 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.1988.40.143.90.
Li, X., Z. Wu, J. Zheng, H. Liu, and W. Dong. 2018. “Hysteretic bond stress-slip response of deformed bars in concrete under uniaxial lateral pressure.” J. Struct. Eng. 144 (6): 04018041. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002031.
Li, X. X., Z. M. Wu, J. J. Zheng, and A. Alahdal. 2016a. “Effect of loading rate on the bond behavior of deformed reinforcing bars in concrete under biaxial lateral pressures.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (6). 04016027. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001479.
Li, X. X., Z. M. Wu, J. J. Zheng, A. Alahdal, and W. Dong. 2016b. “Effect of loading rate on the bond behavior of deformed steel bars in concrete subjected to lateral pressure.” Mater. Struct. 49 (6): 2097–2111. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0636-0.
Li, X. X., Z. M. Wu, J. J. Zheng, and W. Dong. 2015. “Effect of loading rate on the bond behavior of plain round bars in concrete under lateral pressure.” Constr. Build. Mater. 94 (30): 826–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.085.
Lindorf, A., L. Lemnitzer, and M. Curbach. 2009. “Experimental investigations on bond behaviour of reinforced concrete under transverse tension and repeated loading.” Eng. Struct. 31 (7): 1469–1476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.02.025.
Malvar, L. J. 1992. “Bond of reinforcement under controlled confinement.” ACI Mater. J. 89 (6): 593–601.
Navaratnarajah, V. 1982. “Influence of tensile release in concrete on transfer bond of reinforcement bars.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on Bond in Concrete, 250–255. London: Applied Science.
Navaratnarajah, V., and P. R. Speare. 1987. “A theory of transfer bond resistance of deformed reinforcing bars in concrete under lateral pressure.” Mag. Concr. Res. 39 (140): 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.1987.39.140.161.
Reddy, C. S., K. V. R. Sai, and P. R. Kumar. 2013. “Mechanical and durability characteristics of self compacting concrete with recycled concrete aggregates.” Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res. 4 (5): 255–258.
Ries, J. P., D. A. Crocker, and S. R. Sheetz 2003. Guide for structural lightweight-aggregate concrete reported by ACI committee 213, 1–38. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
RILEM/CEB/FIP (International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials/Comité Euro-International du Béton/Fédération International de la Précontrainte). 1983. “Bond test for reinforcing steel 2: Pullout test.” In Recommendation RC6, 218–220. London: E & FN Spon.
Robins, P. J., and I. G. Standish. 1984. “The influence of lateral pressure upon anchorage bond.” Mag. Concr. Res. 36 (129): 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.1984.36.129.195.
Soroushian, P., K. B. Choi, G. H. Park, and F. Aslani. 1991. “Bond of deformed bars to concrete: effects of confinement and strength of concrete.” ACI Mater. J. 88 (3): 227–232.
Taylor, H. P. J., and J. L. Clarke. 1976. “Some detailing problems in concrete frame structures.” Struct. Eng. 54 (1): 19–32.
Tepfers, R. 1979. “Cracking of concrete cover along anchored deformed reinforcing bars.” Mag. Concr. Res. 31 (106): 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.1979.31.106.3.
Untrauer, R. E., and R. L. Henry. 1965. “Influence of normal pressure on bond strength.” J. Am. Concr. Inst. 62 (5): 577–586.
Uygunoğlu, T., and I. B. Topçu. 2009. “Thermal expansion of self-consolidating normal and lightweight aggregate concrete at elevated temperatures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (9): 3063–3069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.04.004.
Valcuende, M., and C. Parra. 2009. “Bond behaviour of reinforcement in self-compacting concretes.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (1): 162–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.01.007.
Verderame, G. M., P. Ricci, G. De Carlo, and G. Manfredi. 2009. “Cyclic bond behaviour of plain bars. Part I: Experimental investigation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (12): 3499–3511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.07.002.
Walker, P. R., M. K. Batayneh, and P. E. Regan. 1997. “Bond strength tests on deformed reinforcement in normal weight concrete.” Mater. Struct. 30 (7): 424–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02498566.
Walker, P. R., M. K. Batayneh, and P. E. Regan. 1999. “Measured and design bond strengths of deformed bars, including the effect of lateral compression.” Mag. Concr. Res. 51 (1): 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.1999.51.1.13.
Wu, X., Z. M. Wu, J. J. Zheng, and X. Zhang. 2013. “Bond behavior of deformed bars in self-compacting lightweight concrete subjected to lateral pressure.” Mag. Concr. Res. 65 (23): 1396–1410. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.13.00123.
Wu, Z. M., X. Zhang, J. J. Zheng, Y. Hu, and Q. B. Li. 2014a. “Bond behavior of plain round bars embedded in concrete subjected to biaxial lateral tensile-compressive stresses.” J. Struct. Eng. 140 (4): 04013089. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000872.
Wu, Z. M., X. Zhang, J. J. Zheng, Y. Hu, and Q. B. Li. 2014b. “Experimental study on the bond behavior of deformed bars embedded in concrete subjected to lateral tension.” Mater. Struct. 47 (10): 1647–1668. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0143-0.
Xu, F. 2012. “Bond performance of reinforcement in concrete subjected to complex lateral pressure.” [In Chinese.] Ph.D. thesis, State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian Univ. of Technology.
Xu, F., Z. M. Wu, J. J. Zheng, Y. Hu, and Q. B. Li. 2011. “Experimental study on the bond behavior of reinforcing bars embedded in concrete subjected to lateral pressure.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 47 (10): 1647–1668. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000365.
Xu, F., Z. M. Wu, J. J. Zheng, Y. Hu, and Q. B. Li. 2014. “Bond behavior of plain round bars in concrete under complex lateral pressures.” ACI Struct. J. 111 (1): 15–26.
Xu, Y. L. 1990. “Experimental study of anchorage properties for deformed bars in concrete.” [In Chinese.] Ph.D. thesis, Dept. Civil Engineering, Tsinghua Univ.
Zhang, X., W. Dong, J. J. Zheng, Z. M. Wu, Y. Hu, and Q. B. Li. 2014a. “Bond behavior of plain round bars embedded in concrete subjected to lateral tension.” Constr. Build. Mater. 54 (15): 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.031.
Zhang, X., X. L. Fan, W. Dong, and J. P. Ou. 2017a. “Bond strength prediction for plain bars under lateral tensile compressive stresses.” Mag. Concr. Res. 70 (5): 248–259. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.17.00139.
Zhang, X., J. Ou, and Z. Wu. 2017b. “Effect of circumferentially nonuniform lateral tension on bond behavior between plain round bars and concrete analytical study.” J. Struct. Eng. 143 (12): 04017170. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001903.
Zhang, X., Z. M. Wu, J. J. Zheng, Y. Hu, and Q. B. Li. 2014b. “Experimental study on the bond behavior of deformed bars embedded in concrete subjected to biaxial lateral tensile-compressive stresses.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 26 (4): 761–772. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000854.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31Issue 9September 2019

History

Received: May 15, 2018
Accepted: Mar 13, 2019
Published online: Jun 18, 2019
Published in print: Sep 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Nov 18, 2019

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Tao Jiang
Ph.D. Student, State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian Univ. of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
Professor, State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian Univ. of Technology, Dalian 116024, China (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Rd., Hong Kong, SAR China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2665-3942
Xiaodong Fei
Research Associate, State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian Univ. of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
Rena C. Yu
Associate Professor, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share