Technical Papers
Apr 29, 2019

Crack Propagation and Material Characteristics of Rocklike Specimens Subject to Different Loading Rates

Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 7

Abstract

This paper evaluates the cracking mechanism and material characteristics of rocklike specimens under five loading rates (0.02, 0.06, 0.10, 0.14, and 0.18  mm/s). The rocklike cylinder specimens were prepared and mixed using river sand (as aggregate sources) and cement, gypsum, and starch (as binders). Uniaxial compression tests associate with binarization imaging processing were carried out using the five loading rates to evaluate the cracking propagations and characteristics of rocklike specimens. The results show that with the increase in the loading rate, the peak tensile and compressive strengths of the rocklike specimen increases. The relationship between the ratio of stress to peak stress, and the five loading rates of the rocklike specimen can be expressed as a natural logarithm model while the relationship between the initial crack length of the rocklike specimen and the five loading rates can be represented by as an exponential function. The average rate of crack propagations increases exponentially as the loading rate increases. Based on all test and analysis results and, the paper concludes that the characteristics of cracking mechanism, propagations, and characteristics of rocklike materials show the similar mechanical behaviors as compared with other rock specimens.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51604219, 51734007, and 51674192) and a China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (2016M602843).

References

Chen, F., Z. Q. Sun, and J. C. Xu. 2001. “A composite material model for investigation of microfracture mechanism of brittle rock subjected to uniaxial compression.” J. Central South Univ. Technol. 8 (4): 258–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-001-0066-8.
Chen, M. L., H. W. Jing, X. J. Ma, H. J. Su, M. R. Du, and T. T. Zhu. 2017. “Fracture evolution characteristics of sandstone containing double fissures and a single circular hole under uniaxial compression.” Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol. 27 (3): 499–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2017.03.027.
Cheng, H., X. Zhou, J. Zhu, and Q. H. Qian. 2016. “The effects of crack openings on crack initiation, propagation and coalescence behavior in rock-like materials under uniaxial compression.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 49 (9): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-0998-9.
Li, G., Z. Z. Liang, and C. A. Tang. 2015. “Morphologic interpretation of rock failure mechanisms under uniaxial compression based on 3D multiscale high resolution numerical modeling.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 48 (6): 2235–2262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-014-0698-2.
Li, Y., W. S. Zhu, H. P. Wang, S. C. Li, and Q. Y. Zhang. 2007. “Study on mechanical experiment of a new type of geotechnical analogue material.” Tunnel Constr. 26 (8): 197–200.
Li, Y. H., J. B. Liu, X. D. Zhao, and Y. J. Yang. 2009. “Study on b-value and fractal characteristics of acoustic emission during rock fracture.” Rock Soil Mech. 30 (9): 2559–2563.
Li, Y. S. 1995. “Experimental study on the mechanical effect of loading rate on red sandstone.” J. Tongji Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 23 (3): 265–269.
Liang, P., Y. B. Zhang, and B. Z. Tian. 2015. “Experimental study on crack propagation and evolution characteristics of uniaxial compression coal.” Coal Min. 20 (2): 8–12.
Liang, S., E. Derek, X. H. Li, X. H. Fu, B. Y. Sun, and Q. L. Yao. 2017. “Key strata characteristics controlling the integrity of deep wells in longwall mining areas.” Int. J. Coal Geol. 172 (3): 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2017.01.012.
Lin, H. F., E. H. Yang, P. X. Zhao, R. S. Zhuo, and B. Zhao. 2018. “Study on the multivariate linear regression model of the mechanical properties of rock-like materials.” J. Xi’an Univ. Sci. Technol. 38 (3): 351–360.
Lu, C. P., G. J. Liu, N. Zhang, T. B. Zhao, and Y. Liu. 2016. “Inversion of stress field evolution consisting of static and dynamic stresses by microseismic velocity tomography.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 87: 8–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.05.008.
Pan, Y. S., Z. Tang, and Z. H. Li. 2013. “Study on charge induced rule of uniaxial compression of coal and rock under different loading rates.” Acta Phys. Sin. 56 (3): 1043–1048.
Qin, T., J. W. Zhang, and G. Liu. 2017. “Evolution mechanism of surface deformation field during rock loading.” J. Heilongjiang Univ. Sci. Technol. 27 (1): 39–45.
Ren, J. X., X. G. Feng, and H. Liu. 2009. “CT analysis of meso damage behavior of single shaft sandstone triaxial compression.” J. Xi’an Univ. Sci. Technol. 29 (3): 300–304.
Ren, J. X., and X. R. Ge. 2003. “Technical realtime test of damage process of fissure granite unloading damage.” Adv. Nat. Sci. 13 (3): 275–280.
Song, Y. M., T. Z. Xing, L. L. Deng, and Z. X. Zhao. 2017. “Experimental study on evolution of rock deformation field at different loading rates.” Rock Soil Mech. 38 (10): 1–8.
Su, C. D., H. Z. Li, S. Zhang, and P. F. Gou. 2013. “Experimental study on the effect of strain rate on mechanical properties of marble.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 32 (5): 943–950.
Sun, X. Z., B. L. Shen, Y. Y. Li, B. Zhang, and N. Jiang. 2016. “Laboratory study of three-dimensional crack propagation in rock-like Material under uniaxial compression.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 49 (3): 1–16.
Walton, G., A. Hedayat, E. Kim, and D. Labrie. 2017. “Post-yield strength and dilatancy evolution across the brittle-ductile transition in indiana limestone.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 50 (7): 1691–1710. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1195-1.
Wang, X. B. 2008. “Influence of loading speed on all deformation characteristics of rock samples.” Rock Soil Mech. 29 (2): 353–358.
Wang, X. B., and Y. S. Pan. 2007. “Influence of loading velocity on failure process of rock specimen with initially random material imperfections.” Supplement, Rock Mech. Eng. 26 (S1): 3493–3497.
Xu, J., J. Liu, L. C. Cheng, D. Feng, and Y. X. Liu. 2014. “Experimental study on microstructural shear growth and evolution characteristics of sandstone under compressive shear stress.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 33 (4): 649–657.
Xu, J., J. Liu, H. Wu, L. C. Cheng, and L. F. Lu. 2013. “Test study of sandstone cracking and propagation process under compressice-shear stress.” Supplement, Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 32 (S2): 3042–3048.
Xu, J. Y., and S. Liu. 2013. “Study on influence of loading rate on dynamic mechanical properties of marble after high temperature.” Chin. J. Geotech. Eng. 35 (5): 879–883.
Yang, S. Q., D. S. Yang, H. W. Jing, and S. Y. Wang. 2012. “An experimental study of the fracture coalescence behaviour of brittle sandstone specimens containing three fissures.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 45 (4): 563–582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-011-0206-x.
Ye, Q., W. Geoff, Z. Z. Jia, C. S. Zheng, and W. J. Wang. 2018. “Similarity simulation of mining-crack-evolution characteristics of overburden strata in deep coal mining with large dip.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 165 (6): 477–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.02.044.
Zhang, D. M., X. H. Qi, G. Z. Yin, and B. B. Zhang. 2013. “Coal and rock fissure evolution and distribution characteristics of multi-seam mining.” Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol. 23 (6): 835–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2013.10.009.
Zhang, M. Y., J. X. Yuan, and T. J. Li. 1998. “Mechanism of rock deformation and failure in uniaxial compression.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 17 (1): 1–8.
Zhang, N., S. C. Li, M. T. Li, and L. Yang. 2009. “Development of a new rock similar material.” J. Shandong Univ. 39 (4): 149–154.
Zhang, X. P., and L. N. Y. Wang. 2012. “Cracking processes in rock-like material containing a single flaw under uniaxial compression: A numerical study based on parallel bonded-particle model approach.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 45 (5): 711–737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-011-0176-z.
Zhao, P. X. 2015. “Based on the energy effect to experiment of law of Overburden Strata breakage and gas transportation.” Ph.D. dissertation, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an Univ. of Science and Technology.
Zhao, X. D., Y. H. Li, R. P. Yuan, T. Yang, J. Y. Zhang, and J. B. Liu. 2007. “Study on dynamic evolution of rock crack based on acoustic emission.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 26 (5): 944–949.
Zhao, Y. L., W. Wen, W. J. Wang, M. Wang, and Q. Y. Peng. 2013. “Numerical simulation of uniaxial compression and breaking test and wing-shaped fracture of ordered multicrack.” J. Geotech. Eng. 35 (11): 2097–2108.
Zhou, R. G., G. W. Luo, and X. Z. Shi. 1981. “Effects of loading speed on strength and failure mechanism.” Sci. Geol. Sin. 10 (4): 395–402.
Zhou, X. P., H. Cheng, and Y. F. Feng. 2014. “An experimental study of crack coalescence behaviour in rock-like materials containing multiple flaws under uniaxial compression.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 47 (6): 1961–1986. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0511-7.
Zhu, Z., H. Zhan, J. Nemcik, T. Lan, and J. Han. 2018. “Overburden movement characteristics of top-coal caving mining in multi-seam areas.” Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol. 51 (2): 276–286. https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2017-076.
Zhu, Z. D., Y. Zhang, and W. Z. Chen. 2005. “Application of digital image analysis method to evaluate the progressive damage and failure characteristics of red sandstone.” Rock Soil Mech. 26 (2): 203–208.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31Issue 7July 2019

History

Received: May 9, 2018
Accepted: Jan 29, 2019
Published online: Apr 29, 2019
Published in print: Jul 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Sep 29, 2019

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Pengxiang Zhao [email protected]
Associate Professor, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an Univ. of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, China. Email: [email protected]
Professor, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an Univ. of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, China. Email: [email protected]
Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Construction Management, and Environmental Engineering, Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ 86011 (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6690-4403. Email: [email protected]
Professor, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an Univ. of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, China. Email: [email protected]
Graduate Research Assistant, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an Univ. of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-851X. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share