Enhanced Impact Properties of Concrete Modified with Nanofiller Inclusions
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 5
Abstract
This paper investigated the impact properties of reactive powder concrete modified with different types (nano-, nano-, and nano-) and dosages (1.0% and 3.0%) of nanofillers. Three mechanical parameters (dynamic compressive strength, dynamic ultimate strain, and dynamic peak strain) and two toughness indicators (impact toughness and specific energy absorption) were used as the evaluation indexes of impact properties. Experimental results show that the incorporation of nanofillers significantly improves the impact properties of concrete. Composites with nano- present the largest dynamic peak strain, whereas composites containing nano- and nano- present higher dynamic ultimate strain and dynamic compressive strength. With the incorporation of nanofillers, the impact toughness of nanocomposites increased by 23.2%–39.9%, and the specific energy absorption increased by as high as 159.7%–246.9%. Among the three types of nanofillers, nano- shows an obvious advantage on the toughening enhancement for concrete. The reinforcement mechanisms of nanofillers are attributed to three main aspects: (1) the small size effect and gap filling effect of nanofillers reduce the initial defects of concrete and increases the compactness; (2) the nucleation effect and core effect of nanofillers inhibit the crack propagation and improve the weak interface of concrete; and (3) the pozzolanic effect of nanofillers enhances the structural performance of concrete.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the funding support from the National Science Foundation of China (51578110) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China (DUT18GJ203).
References
Ardalan, R. B., A. Joshaghani, and R. D. Hooton. 2017. “Workability retention and compressive strength of self-compacting concrete incorporating pumice powder and silica fume.” Constr. Build. Mater. 134 (1): 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.090.
Bischoff, P. H., and S. H. Perry. 1995. “Impact behavior of plain concrete loaded in uniaxial compression.” J. Eng. Mech. 121 (6): 685–693. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1995)121:6(685).
Cao, J. Y., and D. D. L. Chung. 2002. “Effect of strain rate on cement mortar under compression, studied by electrical resistivity measurement.” Cem. Concr. Res. 32 (5): 817–819. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00753-0.
Chen, J., S. C. Kou, and C. S. Poon. 2012. “Hydration and properties of nano- blended cement composites.” Cem. Concr. Res. 34 (5): 642–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.02.009.
D’Alessandro, A., F. Ubertini, S. Laflamme, and A. L. Materazzi. 2015. “Towards smart concrete for smart cities: Recent results and future application of strain-sensing nano-composites.” J. Smart Cities 1 (1): 3–14. https://doi.org/10.18063/JSC.2015.01.002.
Doroud, K., A. Moshaii, Y. Pezeshkian, J. Rahighi, and H. Afarideh. 2009. “Simulation of temperature dependence of RPC operation.” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 602 (3): 723–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.099.
Dubé, J. F., G. Pijaudier-Cabot, and C. L. Borderie. 1996. “Rate dependent damage model for concrete in dynamics.” J. Eng. Mech. 122 (10): 939–947. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1996)122:10(939).
Fang, Q., J. Hong, J. H. Zhang, L. Chen, and Z. Ruan. 2014. “Issues of SHPB test on concrete-like material.” Eng. Mech. 31 (5): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2013.05.ST07.
Forrestal, M. J., T. W. Wright, and W. Chen. 2007. “The effect of radial inertia on brittle samples during the split Hopkinson pressure bar test.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 34 (3): 405–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2005.12.001.
Fu, J., J. Yang, L. Yin, W. Liu, J. Wang, and Z. Chen. 2016. “Dynamic properties of zirconia ceramic bullets under high-speed impact.” [In Chinese.] J. Chin. Ceram. Soc. 44 (2): 346–352. https://doi.org/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.2016.02.24.
Georgin, J. F., and J. M. Reynouard. 2003. “Modeling of structures subjected to impact: Concrete behavior under high strain rate.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 25 (1): 131–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(01)00060-9.
Givi, A. N., S. A. Rashid, F. N. A. Aziz, and M. A. M. Salleh. 2010. “Experimental investigation of the size effects of nano-particles on the mechanical properties of binary blended concrete.” Composites Part B 41 (8): 673–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2010.08.003.
Han, B., Z. Li, L. Zhang, S. Zeng, X. Yu, and J. Ou. 2017a. “Reactive powder concrete reinforced with nano –coated .” Constr. Build. Mater. 148: 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.065.
Han, B., S. Sun, S. Ding, L. Zhang, X. Yu, and J. Ou. 2015. “Review of nano carbon–engineered multifunctional cementitious composites.” Composites Part A 70: 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.12.002.
Han, B., L. Zhang, S. Zeng, S. Dong, X. Yu, R. Yang, and J. Ou. 2017b. “Nano-core effect in nano-engineered cementitious composites.” Composites Part A 95: 100–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.01.008.
Hao, H., Y. Hao, and Z. X. Li. 2012. “Numerical quantification of factors influencing high-speed impact tests of concrete material.” Vol. 1 of Advances in protective structures research, 97–130. London: Routledge.
Hu, S. S., and D. R. Wang. 2002. “Dynamic constitutive relation of concrete materials under impact loading.” [In Chinese.] Explosion Shock Waves 22 (3): 242–246.
Ji, T. 2005. “Preliminary study on the water permeability and micro-structure of concrete incorporating nano-SiO2.” Cem. Concr. Res. 35 (10): 1943–1947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.07.004.
Jiang, S., D. Zhou, L. Q. Zhang, J. Ouyang, X. Yu, X. Cui, and B. Han. 2018. “Comparison of compressive strength and electrical resistivity of cementitious composites with different nano- and micro-fillers.” Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng. 18 (1): 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2017.05.010.
Jin, S. 2010. “Application of cellular automata to the simulation test of concrete under dynamic load.” [In Chinese.] M.S. dissertation, School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin Univ.
Kaplan, S. A. 1980. “Factors affecting the relationship between rate of loading and measured compressive strength of concrete.” Mag. Concr. Res. 32 (111): 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.1980.32.111.79.
Lee, M., G. Y. C. Wang, and C. A. Chiu. 2007. “Preliminary study of reactive powder concrete as a new repair material.” Constr Build. Mater. 21 (1): 182–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.024.
Li, G., and B. Gao. 2006. “Effect of level level and on concrete performance.” [In Chinese.] J. China Railway Soc. 28 (1): 131–136.
Li, Q., A. D. Deacon, and N. J. Coleman. 2013. “The impact of zirconium oxide nanoparticles on the hydration chemistry and biocompatibility of white portland cement.” Dent. Mater. J. 32 (5): 808–815. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2013-113.
Li, V. C., and C. K. Y. Leung. 1992. “Theory of steady-state and multiple cracking of short random fiber composites.” J. Eng. Mech. 118 (11): 2246–2264. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1992)118:11(2246).
Li, W., Z. Luo, and C. Long. 2017a. “Experimental study on the dynamic mechanical performance of nano modified recycled aggregate concrete.” J. Hunan Univ. Nat. Sci. 44 (9): 92–99.
Li, X. 2012. “Strain rate effect on mechanical properties of concrete.” [In Chinese.] J. Chang’an Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 32 (2): 82–86.
Li, Z., B. Han, X. Yu, S. Dong, L. Zhang, X. F. Dong, and J. Ou. 2017b. “Effect of nano-titanium dioxide on mechanical and electrical properties and microstructure of reactive powder concrete.” Mater. Res. Express 4 (9): 095008. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aa87db.
Li, Z., T. A. Ohkub, and Y. Tanigawa. 2004. “Flow performance of high-fluidity concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 16 (6): 588–596. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:6(588).
Liew, K. M., M. F. Kai, and L. W. Zhang. 2017. “Mechanical and damping properties of CNT-reinforced cementitious composites.” Compos. Struct. 160: 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.10.043.
Lim, T. Y., P. Paramasivam, and S. L. Lee. 1987. “Analytical model for tensile behavior of steel-fiber concrete.” ACI Mater. J. 84 (4): 286–298.
Loland, L. E. 1980. “Continuum damage model for load response estimation of concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 10 (3): 395–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(80)90115-5.
Lu, G., and T. Y. Yu. 2003. Energy absorption of structures and materials. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Lu, Q., Z. J. Wang, L. L. Wang, H. W. Lai, and L. M. Yang. 2013. “Linear viscoelastic spherical wave analysis based on ZWT equation.” Explosion Shock Waves 33 (5): 463–470.
Ma, B., H. Li, J. Mei, L. Han, and F. Chen. 2015. “Toughening effect and mechanism of nano-titanium dioxide on cement-based materials.” [In Chinese.] J. Funct. Mater. 46 (12): 12065–12069.
Miyandehi, B. M., A. Feizbakhsh, M. A. Yazdi, Q. Liu, J. Yang, and P. Alipour. 2016. “Performance and properties of mortar mixed with nano-CuO and rice husk ash.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 74: 225–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.10.006.
Nazari, A., and S. Riahi. 2012. “The effects of nanoparticles on properties of concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag as binder.” J. Compos. Mater. 46 (9): 1079–1090. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998311414944.
Okeil, A. M., S. EI-Tawil, and M. Shahawy. 2001. “Short-term tensile strength of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminates for flexural strengthening of concrete girders.” ACI Struct. J. 98 (4): 470–478.
Perzyna, P. 1966. “Fundamental problems in visco-plasticity.” In Advances in applied mechanics, edited by G. Kuerti, 243–377. New York: Academic Press.
Qin, F., and Z. J. Hua. 2012. “Three-dimensional numerical modeling of concrete-like materials subjected to dynamic loadings.” Vol. 1 of Advances in protective structures research, 33–64. London: Routledge.
Ruan, Y., B. Han, X. Yu, Z. Li, J. Wang, S. Dong, and J. Ou. 2018. “Mechanical behaviors of nano-zirconia reinforced reactive powder concrete under compression and flexure.” Constr. Build. Mater. 162: 663–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.063.
Sanchez, F., and K. Sobolev. 2010. “Nanotechnology in concrete: A review.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (11): 2060–2071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.03.014.
Wang, D., Z. K. Guo, F. Shao, and W. X. Chen. 2014. “Dynamic mechanical properties of steel hybrid fibers reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete.” J. Chin. Ceram. Soc. 42 (10): 1253–1259.
Wang, L. 2010. Foundation of stress waves. [In Chinese.] 52–60. Beijing: National Defense Industry.
Wang, W. M. 1997. Stationary and propagative instabilities in metals—A computational point of view. Delft, Netherlands: Delft University Press.
Watstein, D. 1953. “Effect of straining rate on the compressive strength and elastic properties of concrete.” J. Proc. 49 (4): 729–744.
Xu, S., and Q. Li. 2009. “Theoretical analysis on bending behavior of functionally graded composite beam crack-controlled by ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites.” Sci. China, Ser. E Technol. Sci. 52 (2): 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-008-0337-9.
You, I., D. Yoo, S. Kim, M. J. Kim, and G. Zi. 2017. “Electrical and self-sensing properties of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete with carbon nanotubes.” Sensors 17 (11): 2481. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112481.
Zhang, L. Q., N. Ma, Y. Y. Wang, B. G. Han, X. Cui, X. Yu, and J. P. Ou. 2016. “Study on the reinforcing mechanisms of nano silica to cement-based materials with theoretical calculation and experimental evidence.” J. Compos. Mater. 50 (29): 4135–4146. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998316632602.
Zheng, D., and Q. Li. 2004. “An explanation for rate effect of concrete strength based on fracture toughness including free water viscosity.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 71 (16–17): 2319–2327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2004.01.012.
Zhou, Y., Q. L. Ge, T. C. Lei, and T. Sakuma. 1990. “Microstructure and mechanical properties of -2 mol% ceramics.” Ceram. Int. 16 (6): 349–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-8842(90)90086-U.
Zhu, J. S., J. Y. Xu, E. Bai, X. Luo, and Y. Gao. 2016. “Effect of composite nanomaterials on dynamic mechanical properties of concrete.” Acta Mater. Compositae Sin. 33 (3): 597–605.
Zweben, C. 1968. “Tensile failure of fiber composites.” AIAA J. 6 (12): 2325–2331. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.4990.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31 • Issue 5 • May 2019
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 29, 2018
Accepted: Sep 28, 2018
Published online: Feb 18, 2019
Published in print: May 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jul 18, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.