Low-Temperature Reversible Aging Properties of Selected Asphalt Binders Based on Thermal Analysis
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 3
Abstract
The objectives of this paper are twofold: (1) Investigate the low-temperature reversible aging discrepancy mechanism of the asphalt binders with similar regular low-temperature performance grade; and (2) evaluate the effects of commercial wax on the reversible aging properties of asphalt binder. First, the mechanisms of reversible aging in asphalt binder were reviewed. Then, regular performance grading tests and extended bending beam rheometer tests were used to comprehensively evaluate the effect of base asphalt binder type and commercial wax content on regular performance and reversible aging properties. Moreover, a modulated differential scanning calorimetry test was applied to analyze the phase transition, crystallization, and melting behavior of selected asphalt binder samples before and after long-term conditioning. The results showed that commercial wax-based warm mix additive increased the degree of reversible aging (physical hardening) in asphalt binder. There is a strong relationship between endotherm peak enthalpy and commercial wax content. For asphalt sample with a higher degree of reversible aging (physical hardening), glass transition temperature () increased and two separate amorphous domains formed with the extension of conditioning time.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 51778541.
References
Angius, E., H. Ding, and S. Hesp. 2018. “Durability assessment of asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 165: 264–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.037.
Bahia, H., and D. A. Anderson. 1991. “Isothermal low-temperature physical hardening of asphalt cements.” In Proc., Int. Symp. Chemistry of Bitumens. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming Research Corp.
Bahia, H., and D. A. Anderson. 1993. “Glass transition behavior and physical hardening of asphalt binders.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 62: 93–129.
Bahia, H., D. A. Anderson, and D. W. Christensen. 1992. “The bending beam rheometer: A simple device for measuring low temperature rheology of asphalt binders.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 61: 117–153.
Bricker, R., and S. Hesp. 2013. “Modulated differential scanning calorimetry study of physical hardening rates in asphalt cements.” In Proc., Airfield and Highway Pavement Conf., 955–966. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Bueno, M., M. Hugener, and M. N. Partl. 2014. “Low temperature characterization of bituminous binders with a new cyclic shear cooling (CSC) failure test.” Constr. Build. Mater. 58 (10): 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.101.
Claudy, P., J. Letoffe, F. Rondelez, and G. King. 1992. “A new interpretation of time-dependent physical hardening in asphalt based on DSC and optical thermoanalysis.” Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Fuel Chem. 37: 1408–1426.
Ding, H., Y. Qiu, A. Rahman, and W. Wang. 2018. “Low-temperature reversible aging properties of coal liquefaction residue modified asphalt.” Mater. Struct. 51 (3): 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1190-3.
Ding, H., N. Tetteh, and S. Hesp. 2017. “Preliminary experience with improved asphalt cement specifications in the city of Kingston, Ontario, Canada.” Constr. Build. Mater. 157: 467–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.118.
Dongré, R., J. D’Angelo, and S. Mcmahon. 1997. “Development of superpave direct tension test device.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1586 (1): 32–39. https://doi.org/10.3141/1586-05.
Edwards, M., and S. Hesp. 2006. “Compact tension testing of asphalt binders at low temperatures.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1962 (1): 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198106196200105.
Edwards, Y., and U. Isacsson. 2005. “Wax in bitumen.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 6 (3): 281–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2005.9690009.
Edwards, Y., Y. Tasdemir, and U. Isacsson. 2006. “Influence of commercial waxes and polyphosphoric acid on bitumen and asphalt concrete performance at low and medium temperatures.” Mater. Struct. 39 (7): 725–737. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-006-9134-8.
Hesp, S., S. N. Genin, D. Scafe, H. F. Shurvell, and S. Subramani. 2009a. “Five year performance review of a northern Ontario pavement trial: Validation of Ontario’s Double-Edge-Notched Tension (DENT) and Extended Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) test methods.” In Proc., 54th Conf. of the Canadian Technical Asphalt Association. Laval, QC, Canada: Polyscience.
Hesp, S., S. Iliuta, and J. W. Shirokoff. 2007. “Reversible aging in asphalt binders.” Energy Fuels 21 (2): 1112–1121. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef060463b.
Hesp, S., I. Kodrat, D. Scafe, A. Soleimani, S. Subramani, and L. Whitelaw. 2009b. “Rheological testing of asphalt cements recovered from a northern Ontario pavement trial.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Pavements and Technological Control. Torino, Italy: Politecnico di Torino.
Hesp, S., A. Soleimani, S. Subramani, T. Phillips, D. Smith, P. Marks, and K. Tam. 2009c. “Asphalt pavement cracking: Analysis of extraordinary life cycle variability in eastern and northeastern Ontario.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 10 (3): 209–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298430802343169.
Hoare, T., and S. Hesp. 2000. “Low-temperature fracture testing of asphalt binders: Regular and modified systems.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1728 (1): 36–42. https://doi.org/10.3141/1728-06.
Jamshidi, A., M. O. Hamzah, and Z. You. 2013. “Performance of warm mx asphalt containing Sasobit®: State-of-the-art.” Constr. Build. Mater. 38: 530–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.08.015.
Johansson, L., and U. Isacsson. 1998. “Effect of filler on low temperature physical hardening of bitumen.” Constr. Build. Mater. 12 (8): 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(98)00028-2.
Johnson, K., and S. Hesp. 2014. “Effect of waste engine oil residue on quality and durability of SHRP materials reference library binders.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2444 (1): 102–109. https://doi.org/10.3141/2444-12.
Kim, S. S. 2005. “Direct measurement of asphalt binder thermal cracking.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 17 (6): 632–639. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2005)17:6(632).
Kodrat, I., D. Sohn, and S. Hesp. 2007. “Comparison of polyphosphoric acid-modified asphalt binders with straight and polymer-modified materials.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1998 (1): 47–55. https://doi.org/10.3141/1998-06.
Kriz, P. 2009. Glass transition and physical hardening of asphalts. Calgary, Canada: Univ. of Calgary.
Kriz, P., J. Stastna, and L. Zanzotto. 2008. “Glass transition and phase stability in asphalt binders.” Supplement, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 9 (S1): 37–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2008.9690158.
Laukkanen, O.-V., H. H. Winter, H. Soenen, and J. Seppälä. 2018. “An empirical constitutive model for complex glass-forming liquids using bitumen as a model material.” Rheol. Acta 57 (1): 57–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-017-1056-6.
Li, Q., H. Ding, A. Rahman, and D. He. 2016. “Evaluation of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) material into slag-based asphalt concrete to be used in railway substructure.” Constr. Build. Mater. 115: 593–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.085.
Lu, X., and U. Isacsson. 2000. “Laboratory study on the low temperature physical hardening of conventional and polymer modified bitumens.” Constr. Build. Mater. 14 (2): 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(00)00012-X.
Lu, X., M. Langton, P. Olofsson, and P. Redelius. 2005. “Wax morphology in bitumen.” J. Mater. Sci. 40 (8): 1893–1900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-1208-4.
Lu, X., and P. Redelius. 2007. “Effect of bitumen wax on asphalt mixture performance.” Constr. Build. Mater. 21 (11): 1961–1970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.05.048.
Marasteanu, M., and A. C. Falchetto. 2018. “Review of experimental characterisation and modelling of asphalt binders at low temperature.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 19 (3): 279–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2017.1347436.
Masson, J. F., and G. M. Polomark. 2001. “Bitumen microstructure by modulated differential scanning calorimetry.” Thermochim. Acta 374 (2): 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00478-6.
Masson, J.-F., G. M. Polomark, and P. Collins. 2002. “Time-dependent microstructure of bitumen and its fractions by modulated differential scanning calorimetry.” Energy Fuels 16 (2): 470–476. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef010233r.
Mensching, D. J., G. M. Rowe, J. S. Daniel, and T. Bennert. 2015. “Exploring low-temperature performance in black space.” Supplement, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 16 (S2): 230–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2015.1077015.
Michon, L. C., D. A. Netzel, T. F. Turner, D. Martin, and J.-P. Planche. 1999. “A 13C NMR and DSC study of the amorphous and crystalline phases in asphalts.” Energy Fuels 13 (3): 602–610. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef980184r.
Planche, J. P., P. M. Claudy, J. M. Létoffé, and D. Martin. 1998. “Using thermal analysis methods to better understand asphalt rheology.” Thermochim. Acta 324 (1): 223–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00539-5.
Planche, J. P., D. Martin, C. Rey, L. Champion, and J. F. Gerard. 1997. “Evaluation of the physical hardening of bitumens in the cold: Another method for measuring their paraffin content.” In Proc., 5th Int. RILEM Symp. on Mechanical Tests for Bituminous Materials (MTBM LYON 97). Lyon, France: RILEM.
Qiu, Y., H. Ding, A. Rahman, and E. Yang. 2018. “Using combined Avrami-Ozawa method to evaluate low-temperature reversible aging in asphalt binders.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2018.1479291.
Rigg, A., A. Duff, Y. Nie, M. Somuah, N. Tetteh, and S. Hesp. 2017. “Non-isothermal kinetic analysis of reversible ageing in asphalt cements.” Supplement, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 18 (S4): 185–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1389070.
Santagata, E., O. Baglieri, D. Dalmazzo, and L. Tsantilis. 2016. Experimental investigation on the combined effects of physical hardening and chemical ageing on low temperature properties of bituminous binders. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Schmets, A., N. Kringos, T. Pauli, P. Redelius, and T. Scarpas. 2010. “On the existence of wax-induced phase separation in bitumen.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 11 (6): 555–563. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2010.488730.
Soenen, H., J. Besamusca, L. D. Poulikakos, J.-P. Planche, P. K. Das, N. Kringos, J. Grenfell, and E. Chailleux. 2013. “Differential scanning calorimetry applied to bitumen: Results of the RILEM NBM TG1 round robin test.” In Multi-scale modeling and characterization of infrastructure materials, 311–323. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Song, M., D. J. Hourston, F. U. Schafer, H. M. Pollock, and A. Hammiche. 1998. “Modulated differential scanning calorimetry. XVI: Degree of mixing in interpenetrating polymer networks.” Thermochim. Acta 315 (1): 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00273-1.
Sui, C., M. Farrar, W. Tuminello, and T. Turner. 2010. “New technique for measuring low-temperature properties of asphalt binders with small amounts of material.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2179 (1): 23–28. https://doi.org/10.3141/2179-03.
Tabatabaee, H., R. Velasquez, and H. Bahia. 2012. “Predicting low temperature physical hardening in asphalt binders.” Constr. Build. Mater. 34 (3): 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.039.
Velasquez, R., H. Tabatabaee, and H. Bahia. 2011. “Low temperature cracking characterization of asphalt binders by means of the single-edge notch bending (SENB) test.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 80 (4): 583–614.
Yee, P., B. Aida, S. Hesp, P. Marks, and K. Tam. 2006. “Analysis of premature low-temperature cracking in three Ontario, Canada, pavements.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1962 (1): 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198106196200106.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31 • Issue 3 • March 2019
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 11, 2018
Accepted: Aug 30, 2018
Published online: Dec 28, 2018
Published in print: Mar 1, 2019
Discussion open until: May 28, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.