Low Environmental Impact Cement Produced Entirely from Industrial and Mining Waste
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 2
Abstract
Proper disposal of industrial waste, the need to conserve nonrenewable resources, and high emissions are the major environmental issues at the present time. A significant portion of emissions from portland cement production is related to the energy required to maintain the clinker kiln at a temperature of approximately 1,450°C, which is necessary for alite formation. The alternative belite phase, however, requires lower temperatures for its formation (below 1,250°C). Although belite is less reactive than alite, it is equally efficient at higher hydration times. Thus, a belitic cement produced entirely with industrial waste (grits from the pulp and paper industry, steel slag, and quartzite mining tailings) is presented in this research. The raw meal was proportioned based on Bogue calculation and the firing was performed in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 1,250°C. A reference belitic cement was produced with limestone and clay under the same conditions. The results showed that both cements presented high belite contents and expected technological performance. The reference belitic cement revealed a higher reactivity, whereas the waste cement proved to be a technically feasible low-impact alternative.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais – Brasil (FAPEMIG), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Brasil (CNPq), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), and Fundação Gorceix. Equipment and technical support provided by the Laboratory of Electronic Microscopy NANOLAB, Redemat, UFOP; the Laboratory of Construction Materials, Dept. of Civil Engineering, UFOP; and the Laboratory of Construction Materials, Dept, of Civil Engineering, UFV are gratefully appreciated. Thanks are also due to Brennand Cimentos for support and supply of materials, and to the Research Group on Solid Waste RECICLOS-CNPq for infrastructure use and collaboration.
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Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31 • Issue 2 • February 2019
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 6, 2018
Accepted: Aug 27, 2018
Published online: Dec 7, 2018
Published in print: Feb 1, 2019
Discussion open until: May 7, 2019
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