Fracture Characteristics of Asphalt Concrete in Mixed-Loading Mode at Low-Temperature Based on Discrete-Element Method
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 12
Abstract
The facture failure of asphalt concrete at low temperature is one of the main deterioration modes for asphalt pavement. This study combines experimental tests and heterogeneous simulations to analyze the fracture properties, the internal tensile force, and the crack propagation of asphalt concrete in three fracture loading modes (mode I fracturing, mode II fracturing, and mixed mode I and II fracturing) and at four temperatures (, , 0°C, and 10°C). The fracture loading mode and temperature have significant effect on the fracture properties, the internal tensile force, and the crack propagation. Results show that (1) the fracture toughness in mixed mode I and II fracturing is the lowest, whereas the crack velocity in mode I fracturing is the fastest; (2) the crack path of asphalt concrete subjected to shear loading condition is more complex; (3) the propagation trend of the main cracks at and is similar, and passes through aggregates and mastics directly; (4) although the main crack at 0°C still passes through aggregate, it tends to cross the aggregate edge and passes through the aggregate/mastic interface; (5) deflection of the main crack occurs when the path of least resistance is around a relatively strong aggregate and passes along the aggregate/mastic interface at 10°C; and (6) the maximum internal tensile force and the number of failed contacts are consistent with the fracture toughness and the crack morphology, respectively.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study is sponsored in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant CMMI-0408390, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 51250110075, U1134206 and 51808326, by the Scientific Research Starting Foundation of Shandong University of Technology under Grant No. 4041/417014, and by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant ZR2018PEE021, to which the authors are very grateful.
References
Airey, G. D., A. E. Hunter, and A. C. Collop. 2008. “The effect of asphalt mixture gradation and compaction energy on aggregate degradation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 22 (5): 972–980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.11.022.
Aliha, M. R. M., H. Behbahani, H. Fazaeli, and M. H. Rezaifar. 2014. “Study of characteristic specification on mixed mode fracture toughness of asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 54: 623–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.097.
Ameri, M., A. Mansourian, M. H. Khavas, M. R. M. Aliha, and M. R. Ayatollahi. 2011. “Cracked asphalt pavement under traffic loading—A 3D finite element analysis.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 78 (8): 1817–1826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.12.013.
Ameri, M., A. Mansourian, S. Pirmohammad, M. R. M. Aliha, and M. R. Ayatollahi. 2012. “Mixed mode fracture resistance of asphalt concrete mixtures.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 93: 153–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.06.015.
Chen, J., L. Wang, and X. Huang. 2012. “Micromechanical modeling of asphalt concrete fracture using a user-defined three-dimensional discrete element method.” J. Cent. South Univ. 19 (12): 3595–3602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-012-1447-x.
Cui, Y., Y. Xing, and W. Ni. 2013. “Micromechanical characteristics of the asphalt mixture in bending condition.” Sci. China Technol. Sci. 56 (2): 392–397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-012-5085-1.
Cundall, P. A. 1971. “A computer model for simulating progressive large-scale movements in blocky rock systems.” In Proc., Symp. of the Int. Society for Rock Mechanics. Lisbon, Portugal: International Society for Rock Mechanics.
Cundall, P. A., and O. D. L. Strack. 1979. “A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies.” Géotechnique 29 (1): 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1979.29.1.47.
Itasca Consulting Group. 2004. PFC 2D version 3.1. Minneapolis: Itasca Consulting Group.
Kim, H. 2007. “Investigation of toughening mechanisms in the fracture of asphalt concrete using the clustered discrete element method.” Ph.D. dissertation, College of Engineering, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.
Kim, H., and W. G. Buttlar. 2009. “Discrete fracture modeling of asphalt concrete.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 46 (13): 2593–2604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.02.006.
Kim, H., M. P. Wagoner, and W. G. Buttlar. 2008. “Simulation of fracture behavior in asphalt concrete using a heterogeneous cohesive zone discrete element model.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 20 (8): 552–563. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2008)20:8(552).
Kim, H., M. P. Wagoner, and W. G. Buttlar. 2009a. “Numerical fracture analysis on the specimen size dependency of asphalt concrete using a cohesive softening model.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (5): 2112–2120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.08.014.
Kim, H., M. P. Wagoner, and W. G. Buttlar. 2009b. “Rate-dependent fracture modeling of asphalt concrete using the discrete element method.” Can. J. Civ. Eng. 36 (2): 320–330. https://doi.org/10.1139/L08-116.
Liu, Y., Q. Dai, and Z. You. 2009. “Viscoelastic model for discrete element simulation of asphalt mixtures.” J. Eng. Mech. 135 (4): 324–333. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2009)135:4(324).
Mahmoud, E., E. Masad, and S. Nazarian. 2010. “Discrete element analysis of the influences of aggregate properties and internal structure on fracture in asphalt mixtures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 22 (1): 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000005.
Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China. 2011. Standard test methods of bitumen and bituminous mixtures for highway engineering. JTG E20-2011. Beijing: Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China.
Pirmohammad, S., and M. R. Ayatollahi. 2014. “Fracture resistance of asphalt concrete under different loading modes and temperature conditions.” Constr. Build. Mater. 53 (4): 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.096.
Pirmohammad, S., and M. R. Ayatollahi. 2015. “Asphalt concrete resistance against fracture at low temperatures under different modes of loading.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 110: 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.11.001.
Qian, Z., J. Wang, L. Chen, and L. Wang. 2015. “Three-dimensional discrete element modeling of crack development in epoxy asphalt concrete.” J. Test. Eval. 43 (2): 295–307.
Ren, J., and L. Sun. 2016. “Generalized Maxwell viscoelastic contact model-based discrete element method for characterizing low-temperature properties of asphalt concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 (2): 04015122. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001390.
Ren, J., and L. Sun. 2017. “Characterizing air void effect on fracture of asphalt concrete at low-temperature using discrete element method.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 170: 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2016.11.030.
Su, X., Z. Yang, and G. Liu. 2010. “Monte Carlo simulation of complex cohesive fracture in random heterogeneous quasi-brittle materials: A 3D study.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 47 (17): 2336–2345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2010.04.031.
Wang, H., J. Wang, and J. Chen. 2014. “Micromechanical analysis of asphalt mixture fracture with adhesive and cohesive failure.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 132: 104–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.10.029.
Yang, X., Q. Dai, Z. You, and Z. Wang. 2015. “Integrated experimental-numerical approach for estimating asphalt mixture induction healing level through discrete element modeling of a single-edge notched beam test.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 27 (9): 04014259. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001231.
Yin, A., X. Yang, H. Gao, and H. Zhu. 2012. “Tensile fracture simulation of random heterogeneous asphalt mixture with cohesive crack model.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 92: 40–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.05.016.
Yin, A., X. Yang, S. Yang, and W. Jiang. 2011. “Multiscale fracture simulation of three-point bending asphalt mixture beam considering material heterogeneity.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 78 (12): 2414–2428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.06.001.
Yin, A., X. Yang, G. Zeng, and H. Gao. 2014. “Fracture simulation of pre-cracked heterogeneous asphalt mixture beam with movable three-point bending load.” Constr. Build. Mater. 65 (13): 232–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.119.
Yin, A., X. Yang, G. Zeng, and H. Gao. 2015. “Experimental and numerical investigation of fracture behavior of asphalt mixture under direct shear loading.” Constr. Build. Mater. 86: 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.099.
You, Z. 2003. “Development of a micromechanical modeling approach to predict asphalt mixture stiffness using the discrete element method.” Ph.D. dissertation, College of Engineering, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.
Zhang, D., S. Hou, J. Bian, and L. He. 2016. “Investigation of the micro-cracking behavior of asphalt mixtures in the indirect tensile test.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 163: 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2016.05.020.
Ziaei-Rad, V., N. Nouri, S. Ziaei-Rad, and M. Abtahi. 2012. “A numerical study on mechanical performance of asphalt mixture using a meso-scale finite element model.” Finite Elem. Anal. Des. 57 (9): 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2012.03.004.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30 • Issue 12 • December 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 20, 2017
Accepted: Jun 12, 2018
Published online: Sep 28, 2018
Published in print: Dec 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Feb 28, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.