Effect of Steel Fiber on Flexural Toughness and Fracture Mechanics Behavior of Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete with Coarse Aggregate
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 12
Abstract
The present study investigated effect of fiber type and hybrid modes on flexural toughness and fracture mechanics behavior of ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) with coarse aggregates was investigated. Results showed that with inclusion of coarse aggregate, UHPC had a higher compressive strength and elastic modulus, and that different fiber types and hybrid modes act similarly. Coarse aggregate brought a disadvantage to bonding strength, dispersion coefficient, and orientation factor of steel fiber. For UHPC mixtures with coarse aggregates, the effect of fiber type and hybridization was slight on the first cracking strengths, but it was significant on the ultimate flexural strengths. In addition, compared with UHPC beams with smooth fiber, those with hooked-end fiber blended with smooth fibers had a better flexural performance, i.e., flexural toughness values, fracture energy, and characteristics length. Therefore, fiber hybridization was one of most effective alternatives to improve the flexural toughness and fracture mechanics behavior of the UHPC incorporating coarse aggregates.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Key Project of National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51438003) and Open Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Materials (CM2015-06).
References
Ambily, P. S., C. Umarani, K. Ravisankar, P. R. Prem, B. H. Bharatkumar, and N. R. Iyer. 2015. “Studies on ultra high performance concrete incorporating copper slag as fine aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater. 77: 233–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.092.
ASTM. 2010. Standard test method for slump of hydraulic-cement concrete. ASTM C143/C143M-12. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2012a. Standard test method for air content of freshly mixed concrete. ASTM C173/C173M-16. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2012b. Standard test method for flexural performance of fiber-reinforced concrete (using beam with third-point loading). ASTM C1609/C1609M-12. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Aydin, S. 2013. “Effects of fiber strength on fracture characteristics of normal and high strength concrete.” Period. Polytech. Civ. Eng. 57 (2): 191–200. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPci.7174.
Barnett, S. J., J. F. Lataste, T. Parry, S. G. Millard, and M. N. Soutsos. 2010. “Assessment of fibre orientation in ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete and its effect on flexural strength.” Mater. Struct. 43 (7): 1009–1023. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-009-9562-3.
Beygi, M. H. A., M. T. Kazemi, J. V. Amiri, I. M. Nikbin, S. Rabbanifar, and E. Rahmani. 2014a. “Evaluation of the effect of maximum aggregate size on fracture behavior of self compacting concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 55 (3): 202–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.065.
Beygi, M. H. A., M. T. Kazemi, I. M. Nikbin, J. V. Amiri, S. Rabbanifar, and E. Rahmani. 2014b. “The influence of coarse aggregate size and volume on the fracture behavior and brittleness of self-compacting concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 66 (66): 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.06.008.
Buitenaar, P. 2004. “Ultra high performance concrete: Development and applications during 25 years.” In Proc., Plenary Session Int. Symp. on UHPC. Ames, IA: Iowa State Univ.
Caggiano, A., M. Cremona, C. Faella, C. Lima, and E. Martinelli. 2012. “Fracture behavior of concrete beams reinforced with mixed long/short steel fibers.” Constr. Build. Mater. 37 (3): 832–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.060.
Charron, J. P., E. Denarié, and E. Brühwiler. 2008. “Transport properties of water and glycol in an ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) under high tensile deformation.” Cem. Concr. Res. 38 (5): 689–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.12.006.
Chinese Standard. 2007. Common portland cements. [In Chinese.] GB 175-2007. Beijing: Chinese Standard.
Chinese Standard. 2015. Reactive powder concrete. [In Chinese.] GB/T 31387-2015. Beijing: Chinese Standard.
Ghorbel, E., and G. Wardeh. 2017. “Influence of recycled coarse aggregates incorporation on the fracture properties of concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 154: 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.183.
Graybeal, B. A., and J. L. Hartmann. 2003. “Strength and durability of ultra-high performance concrete.” In Proc., 3rd Int. Symp. on High Performance Concrete PCI Bridge, 1–20. Chicago: Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute.
Hillerborg, A. 1985. “The theoretical basis of a method to determine the fracture energy GF of concrete.” Mater. Struct. 18 (4): 291–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472919.
Hillerborg, A., M. Modeer, and P. E. Petersson. 1976. “Analysis of crack formation and crack growth in concrete by means of fracture mechanics and finite elements.” Cem. Concr. Res. 6 (6): 773–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(76)90007-7.
Hoang, A. L., and E. Fehling. 2017. “Influence of steel fiber content and aspect ratio on the uniaxial tensile and compressive behavior of ultra high performance concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 153: 790–806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.130.
Huang, W., H. Kazemi-Kamyab, W. Sun, and K. Scrivener. 2017. “Effect of replacement of silica fume with calcined clay on the hydration and microstructural development of eco-UHPFRC.” Mater. Des. 121: 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.02.052.
Ibrahim, M. A., M. Farhat, M. A. Issa, and J. A. Hasse. 2017. “Effect of material constituents on mechanical and fracture mechanics properties of ultra-high-performance concrete.” ACI Mater. J. 114 (3): 453–465. https://doi.org/10.14359/51689717.
Kang, S. T., and J. K. Kim. 2011. “The relation between fiber orientation and tensile behavior in an ultra high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites (UHPFRCC).” Cem. Conc. Res. 41 (10): 1001–1014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.05.009.
Kang, S. T., Y. Lee, Y. D. Park, and J. K. Kim. 2010. “Tensile fracture properties of an ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) with steel fiber.” Compos. Struct. 92 (1): 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.06.012.
Karmout, M. 2009. Mechanical properties of ultra high performance concrete produced in Gaza strip. Gaza, Pakistan: Islamic Univ. of Gaza.
Liu, J. Z., F. Y. Han, G. Cui, Q. Q. Zhang, J. Lv, L. H. Zhang, and Z. Q. Yang. 2016. “Combined effect of coarse aggregate and fiber on tensile behavior of ultra-high performance concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 121: 310–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.039.
Liu, J. Z., W. Sun, C. W. Miao, J. P. Liu, and C. F. Li. 2012. “Assessment of fiber distribution in steel fiber mortar using image analysis.” J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. Mater. Sci. Ed. 27 (1): 166–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-012-0429-z.
Ma, J. X., M. Orgass, N. V. Tue, F. Dehn, and D. Schmidt. 2004. “Comparative investigations on ultra-high performance concrete with and without coarse aggregates.” In Proc., Int. Symp. on Ultra High Performance Concrete, 205–212. Kassel, Germany: Kassel University Press.
Park, S. H., J. K. Dong, G. S. Ryu, and K. T. Koh. 2012. “Tensile behavior of ultra high performance hybrid fiber reinforced concrete.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 34 (2): 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.09.009.
Richard, P., and M. Cheyrezy. 1995. “Composition of reactive powder concretes.” Cem. Concr. Res. 25 (7): 1501–1511. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(95)00144-2.
RILEM. 1985. “Determination of fracture energy of mortar and concrete by means of three-point bend test on notched beams.” Mater. Struct. 18 (106): 285–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472918.
Rong, Z. D., and W. Sun. 2012. “Experimental and numerical investigation on the dynamic tensile behavior of ultra-high performance cement based composites.” Constr. Build. Mater. 31 (6): 168–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.058.
Shi, C. J., Z. M. Wu, J. F. Xiao, D. H. Wang, Z. Y. Huang, and Z. Fang. 2015. “A review on ultra high performance concrete. Part I: Raw materials and mixture design.” Constr. Build. Mater. 101: 741–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.088.
Soroushian, P., and Z. Bayasi. 1991. “Fiber type effects on the performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete.” ACI Mater. J. 88 (2): 129–134.
Soulioti, D. V., N. M. Barkoulam, F. Koutsianopoulos, N. Charalambakis, and T. E. Matikas. 2013. “The effect of fibre chemical treatment on the steel fibre/cementitious matrix interface.” Constr. Build. Mater. 40 (3): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.111.
Sovják, R., P. Máca, and T. Imlauf. 2017. “Effect of fiber length on the fracture energy of UHPFRC.” Procedia Eng. 193: 74–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.188.
Tran, N. T., T. K. Tran, J. K. Jeon, J. K. Park, and D. J. Kim. 2016. “Fracture energy of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete at high strain rates.” Cem. Concr. Res. 79 (2): 169–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.09.011.
Voit, K., and J. Kirnbauer. 2014. “Tensile characteristics and fracture energy of fiber reinforced and non-reinforced ultra high performance concrete (UHPC).” Int. J. Fract. 188 (2): 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-014-9951-7.
Wang, C., C. H. Yang, F. Liu, C. J. Wang, and X. C. Pu. 2012. “Preparation of ultra-high performance concrete with common technology and materials.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 34 (4): 538–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.11.005.
Wang, D. H., C. J. Shi, Z. M. Wu, J. F. Xiao, Z. Y. Huang, and Z. Fang. 2015. “A review on ultra high performance concrete. Part II: Hydration, microstructure and properties.” Constr. Build. Mater. 96: 368–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.095.
Wu, Z. M., C. J. Shi, W. He, and D. H. Wang. 2016a. “Uniaxial compression behavior of ultra-high performance concrete with hybrid steel fiber.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 (12): 06016017. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001684.
Wu, Z. M., C. J. Shi, W. He, and L. M. Wu. 2016b. “Effects of steel fiber content and shape on mechanical properties of ultra high performance concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 103: 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.11.028.
Xiao, J. Z., H. Schneider, C. Dönnecke, and G. König. 2004. “Wedge splitting test on fracture behavior of ultra high strength concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 18 (6): 359–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.04.016.
Yang, S. L., S. G. Millard, M. N. Soutsos, S. J. Barnett, and T. T. Le. 2009. “Influence of aggregate and curing regime on the mechanical properties of ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC).” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (6): 2291–2298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.11.012.
Yoo, D. Y., S. T. Kang, and Y. S. Yoon. 2016. “Enhancing the flexural performance of ultra-high-performance concrete using long steel fibers.” Compos. Struct. 147: 220–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.03.032.
Yoo, D. Y., M. J. Kim, S. W. Kim, and J. J. Park. 2017a. “Development of cost effective ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete using single and hybrid steel fibers.” Constr. Build. Mater. 150: 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.018.
Yoo, D. Y., S. Kim, G. J. Park, J. J. Park, and S. W. Kim. 2017b. “Effects of fiber shape, aspect ratio, and volume fraction on flexural behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced cement composites.” Compos. Struct. 174: 375–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.04.069.
Yoo, D. Y., S. W. Kim, and J. J. Park. 2017c. “Comparative flexural behavior of ultra-high-performance concrete reinforced with hybrid straight steel fibers.” Constr. Build. Mater. 132: 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.104.
Yoo, D. Y., J. H. Lee, and Y. S. Yoon. 2013. “Effect of fiber content on mechanical and fracture properties of ultra high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites.” Compos. Struct. 106 (12): 742–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.07.033.
Yoo, D. Y., J. J. Park, and S. W. Kim. 2017d. “Fiber pullout behavior of HPFRCC: Effects of matrix strength and fiber type.” Mater. Struct. 174: 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.04.064.
Yoo, D. Y., and Y. S. Yoon. 2016. “A review on structural behavior, design, and application of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete.” Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater. 10 (2): 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-016-0143-x.
Yoo, D. Y., G. Zi, S. T. Kang, and Y. S. Yoon. 2015. “Biaxial flexural behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete with different fiber lengths and placement methods.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 63: 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.07.011.
Yu, R., P. Spiesz, and H. J. H. Brouwers. 2014a. “Mix design and properties assessment of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC).” Cem. Conc. Res. 56 (2): 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.11.002.
Yu, R., P. Spiesz, and H. J. H. Brouwers. 2014b. “Static properties and impact resistance of a green ultra-high performance hybrid fibre reinforced concrete (UHPHFRC): Experiments and modeling.” Constr. Build. Mater. 68 (15): 158–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.033.
Yu, R., P. Spiesz, and H. J. H. Brouwers. 2015a. “Development of an eco-friendly ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with efficient cement and mineral admixtures uses.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 55 (1): 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.09.024.
Yu, R., P. Spiesz, and H. J. H. Brouwers. 2015b. “Development of ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC): Towards an efficient utilization of binders and fibers.” Constr. Build. Mater. 79: 273–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.01.050.
Zhao, S. J., J. J. Fan, and W. Sun. 2014. “Utilization of iron ore tailings as fine aggregate in ultra-high performance concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 50 (2): 540–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.019.
Zhao, S. J., W. Sun, and D. Lange. 2015. “Deflection-crack mouth opening displacement relationship for concrete beams with and without fibers.” Mag. Concr. Res. 67 (10): 532–540. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.14.00310.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30 • Issue 12 • December 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 20, 2017
Accepted: Jun 1, 2018
Published online: Sep 28, 2018
Published in print: Dec 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Feb 28, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.