Material Properties of Steel Slag-Cement Binding Materials Prepared by Precarbonated Steel Slag
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 9
Abstract
Nowadays, a large amount of steel slag (SS) not only occupies land resources but also pollutes the environment, and the low early strength and poor stability limit the application of SS in the building materials industry. In the study, SS was precarbonated and replaced 30% of cement to prepare a cementitious material. The optimum precarbonation conditions were determined. The hydration properties and microstructure of the precarbonated SS cementitious material were analyzed, and the strength and volume stability were studied. The results showed that the optimum precarbonation condition was carbonated at a water to powder mass ratio of 10% at 75°C for 2 h. After precarbonation, the early hydration rate and activity of the SS cementitious material had been improved. The calcium hydroxide [] of the precarbonated SS-cement paste no longer grew into a layered structure, and the total porosity of the paste decreased. The early flexural and compressive strengths of precarbonated SS cementitious material were greatly increased, and the volume stability was improved.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge support from the Collaborative Innovation Center for Ecological Building Materials and Environmental Protection Equipments (No. YCXT201613) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51174011).
References
AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China). 2001. Test methods for water requirement of normal consistency setting time and soundness of the portland cements. GB/T 1346-2001. Beijing: AQSIQ.
Dong, T. 2012. Application of steel slag in cement production. [In Chinese.] Shan Dong, China: Ji Nan Univ.
Du, J. 2015. Study on hydration properties and volume stability of steel slag. [In Chinese.] Beijing: Beijing Univ. of Chemical Technology.
Du, J., and J. X. Liu. 2014. “Hydraulic properties and paste structure of basic oxygen furnace steel slag-cement blended materials.” Fresen. Environ. Bull. 22 (11): 3279–3286.
Grubeša, I. N., M. J. Rukavina, and A. Mladenovič. 2016. “Impact of high temperature on residual properties of concrete with steel slag aggregate.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 (6): 04016013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001515.
Han, F., Z. Q. Zhang, D. Wang, and P. Yan. 2015. “Hydration heat evolution and kinetics of blended cement containing steel slag at different temperatures.” J. Thermochimica Acta. 605: 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2015.02.018.
He, D. L., H. Q. Liao, and Z. C. Guo. 2012. “Influence of steel slag powder with different specific surface area on the properties of foam concrete.” Adv. Mater. 575: 95–99. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.575.95.
Hou, X. K., D. L. Xu, B. Xue, and H. S. Li. 2012. “Study on volume stability problems of cement caused by steel slag.” [In Chinese.] J. Build. Mater. 15 (5): 588–595.
Kourounis, S., S. Tsivilis, and P. E. Tsakiridis. 2007. “Properties and hydration of blended cements with steelmaking slag.” Cem. Concr. Res. 37 (6): 815–822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.03.008.
Li, J. F., X. C. Luo, M. K. Sun, W. G. Shen, B. Cao, and X. L. Li. 2014. “Utilization of steel slags in the cement industry.” Key Eng. Mater. 599 (599): 98–102. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.599.98.
Liu, Q., J. X. Liu, and L. Q. Qi. 2016. “Effects of temperature and carbonation curing on the mechanical properties of steel slag-cement binding materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 124: 999–1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.131.
Netinger, I., M. J. Rukavina, and A. Mladenovič. 2013. “Improvement of post-fire properties of concrete with steel slag aggregate.” Procedia Eng. 62: 745–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.08.121.
Qi, L. Q., J. X. Liu, and Q. Liu. 2016. “Compound effect of and on the strength of steel slag-cement binding materials.” Mater. Res. 19 (2): 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2015-0387.
Quéré, C. L., M. A. Robbie, and G. C. Josep. 2016. “Global carbon budget 2016.” Earth Syst. Sci. Data 8 (2): 605–649. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-605-2016.
Rosales, J., M. Cabrera, and F. Agrela. 2017. “Effect of stainless steel slag waste as a replacement for cement in mortars. Mechanical and statistical study.” Constr. Build. Mater. 142: 444–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.082.
SAC (Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China). 2007. Common portland cement. GB 175-2007.
Sajedi, F., and H. A. Razak. 2010. “The effect of chemical activators on early strength of ordinary portland cement-slag mortars.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (10): 1944–1951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.04.006.
Salman, M., Özlem Cizer, Y. Pontikes, R. Snellings, L. Vandewalle, B. Blanpain, and K. Van Balen. 2015. “Cementitious binders from activated stainless steel refining slag and the effect of alkali solutions.” J. Hazard. Mater. 286: 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.046.
SBSQ (State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision). 1999. Method of testing cements—Determination of strength. GB/T 17671-1999. Beijing: SBSQ.
Shen, Y. N., H. Y. Wang, and T. H. Sun. 2014. “Properties of green concrete containing stainless steel oxidizing slag resource materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 50 (1): 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.09.017.
Wang, Q., M. Shi, and J. Yang. 2016. “Influence of classified steel slag with particle sizes smaller than 20 μm on the properties of cement and concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 123: 601–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.042.
Wang, Q., D. Wang, and S. Zhuang. 2017. “The soundness of steel slag with different free CaO and MgO contents.” Constr. Build. Mater. 151: 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.077.
Wang, Q., and P. Yan. 2010. “Hydration properties of basic oxygen furnace steel slag.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (7): 1134–1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.028.
World Steel Association. 2017. World steel in figures 2017. Brussels, Belgium: World Steel Association.
Xiang, X. D., J. C. Xi, C. H. Li, and X. W. Jiang. 2016. “Preparation and application of the cement-free steel slag cementitious material.” Constr. Build. Mater. 114: 874–879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.186.
Yang, H. S., K. H. Fang, S. J. Tu, and H. F. Yang. 2006. “The effect and its mechanism of calcium carbonate on the cement based materials.” [In Chinese.] Concrete 6: 32–35.
Yang, K. H., G. D. Moon, and Y. S. Jeon. 2016. “Implementing ternary supplementary cementing binder for reduction of the heat of hydration of concrete.” J. Clean. Prod. 112: 845–852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.022.
Zhang, C. M., and V. S. Ramachandran. 1988. “Effect of calcium carbonate as a fine aggregate on the hydration of tricalcium silicate.” Guisuanyan Xuebao 16 (7): 110–117.
Zhang, W. S., D. Shi, Z. J. Shao, J. Y. Ye, and Y. Wang. 2012. “The properties of steel slag bricks prepared by both alkali activation and accelerated carbonation.” Key Eng. Mater. 509: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.509.113.
Zhao, J., D. Wang, P. Yan, D. Zhang, and H. Wang. 2016. “Self-cementitious property of steel slag powder blended with gypsum.” Constr. Build. Mater. 113: 835–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.102.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30 • Issue 9 • September 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 4, 2017
Accepted: Feb 7, 2018
Published online: Jun 26, 2018
Published in print: Sep 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Nov 26, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.