Technical Papers
May 21, 2018

Reuse of Stabilized Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Fly Ash in Asphalt Mixtures

Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 8

Abstract

A laboratory investigation evaluates the potential of using stabilized fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) as a filler in asphalt mixtures. Nine asphalt mixtures composed of the same aggregate gradation and three different asphalt binders and three different fillers (limestone and two stabilized fly ashes) are prepared and tested. A chemical and mineralogical investigation characterizes the fillers before and after mixing with asphalt binders. The behavior of the mastics at low temperatures is estimated by a bending beam rheometer (BBR) test. The mixtures’ cracking behaviors at intermediate temperature are evaluated using the HMA fracture mechanics model. Results show that stabilized fly ash obtained from MSWIs can be reused as a filler in asphalt mixtures if the fly ash is subjected to a water leaching procedure to remove soluble salts. Mechanical properties of mixtures containing washed fly ash as a filler are in very good agreement with results obtained from the same mixtures containing traditional filler.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

AASHTO. 2002. Standard test method for determining the flexural creep stiffness of asphalt binder using the bending beam rheometer (BBR). T313-02. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Ali, N., J. S. Chan, S. Simms, R. Bushman, and A. T. Bergan. 1996. “Mechanistic evaluation of fly ash asphalt concrete mixtures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 8 (1): 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1996)8:1(19).
Benassi, L., M. Pasquali, A. Zanoletti, R. Dalipi, L. Borgese, L. E. Depero, I. Vassura, M. J. Quina, and E. Bontempi. 2016. “Chemical stabilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash without any commercial chemicals: First pilot-plant scaling up.” ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 4 (10): 5561–5569. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01294.
Bertolini, L., M. Carsana, D. Cassago, A. Q. Curzio, and M. Collepardi. 2004. “MSWI ashes as mineral additions in concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 34 (10): 1899–1906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.02.001.
Bethmann, F., and T. Luhmann. 2010. “Least-squares matching with advanced geometric transformation models.” In Vol. 38 of International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 86–91. Gottinga, Germany: International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences (ISPRS) Copernicus Publications.
Birgisson, B., A. Montepara, E. Romeo, R. Roque, R. Roncella, and G. Tebaldi. 2009. “An optical strain measurement system for asphalt mixtures.” Mater. Struct. 42 (4): 427–441. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-008-9392-8.
Bontempi, E., A. Zacco, L. Borgese, A. Gianoncelli, R. Ardesi, and L. E. Depero. 2010a. “A new method for municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash inertization, based on colloidal silica.” J. Environ. Monit. 12 (11): 2093–2099. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0em00168f.
Bontempi, E., A. Zacco, L. Borgese, A. Gianoncelli, R. Ardesi, and L. E. Depero. 2010b. “A new powder filler, obtained by applying a new technology for fly ash inertization procedure.” Adv. Sci. Technol. 62: 27–33. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.62.27.
Buttlar, W. G., and R. Roque. 1994. “Development and evaluation of the strategic highway research program measurement and analysis system for indirect tensile testing at low temperatures.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1454: 163–171.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2002. Characterisation of waste—Leaching—Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges—Part 2: One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 I/kg for materials with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction). CEN EN 12457-2. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Chen, H. J., S. Y. Wang, and C. W. Tang. 2010. “Reuse of incineration fly ashes and reaction ashes for manufacturing lightweight aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (1): 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.08.008.
Dall’Asta, E., V. Ghizzardi, R. Brighenti, E. Romeo, R. Roncella, and A. Spagnoli. 2016. “New experimental techniques for fracture testing of highly deformable materials.” Frattura ed Integrita Strutturale 10 (35): 161–171. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.35.0119.
Dougan, C. 1991. Past and current use of recycling materials by the Connecticut Department of Transportation. Wethersfield, CT: Connecticut Dept. of Transportation.
Eighmy, T. T., D. Crimi, X. Zhang, and D. L. Gress. 1995. “Influence of void change, cracking, and bitumen aging on diffusional leaching behavior of pavement monoliths constructed with MSW combustion bottom ash.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1486: 42–48.
Garrick, N. W., and K. L. Chan. 1993. “Evaluation of domestic incinerator ash for use as aggregate in asphalt concrete.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1418: 30–34.
Henning, N. E. 1974. Evaluation of lignite fly ash as a mineral filler in asphaltic concrete. St. Paul, MN: Twin City Testing and Engineering Laboratory.
Hjelmar, O., H. Birch, and J. B. Hansen. 1999. “Development of a process for treatment of APC residues from MSW incinerators prior to landfilling.” In Vol. 1 of Proc., Sardinia 99, 7th Int. Landfill Symp., 543–548. Cagliari, Italy: CISA, Environmental Sanitary Engineering Centre.
Hjelmar, O., and J. B. Hansen. 2006. “A one-stage treatment process for improving the leaching characteristics of APC residues from MSW incinerators.” In Proc., WASCON 2006, 6th Int. Conf., 97–105. Utrecht, Netherlands: International Society for the Environmental and Technical Implications of Construction with Alternative Materials.
Ho, S. M. S., and L. Zanzotto. 2000. “Sample preparation for direct tension testing: Improving determination of asphalt binder failure stress and test repeatability.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1766: 15–23. https://doi.org/10.3141/1766-03.
Hofmann, T., T. Baumann, T. Bundschuh, F. V. D. Kammer, A. Leis, D. Schmitt, T. Schäfer, J. Thieme, K. U. Totsche, and H. Zänker. 2003. “Aquatische Kolloide II: Eine Übersichtsarbeit zur Probennahme, Probenaufbereitung und Charakterisierung [Aquatic colloids: Sampling and characterization: A review].” Grundwassern 8 (4): 213–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-003-0002-y.
Ji-shu, S., Y. Dou, Y. Chun-feng, and T. Xiao. 2011. “Study on the performances of the mixture of high calcium fly ash and fly ash in highway application.” In Road Pavement and Material Characterization, Modeling, and Maintenance. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Katsuura, H., T. Inoue, M. Hiraoka, and S. Sakai. 1996. “Full-scale plant study on fly ash treatment by the acid extraction process.” Waste Manage. 16 (5–6): 491–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(96)00091-8.
Landreth, R. E. 1986. Guide to the disposal of chemically stabilized and solidified waste. EPA SW-72. Cincinnati, OH: US Environmental Protection Agency.
Li, L., C. H. Benson, T. B. Edil, and B. Hatipoglu. 2007. “Evaluation of recycled asphalt pavement material stabilized with fly ash).” In Solid and Material Inputs for Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Lundtorp, K., D. L. Jensen, M. A. Sorensen, T. H. Christensen, and E. P. B. Mogensen. 2002. “Treatment of waste incinerator air-pollution-control residues with FeSO4: Concept and product characterization.” Waste Manage. Res. 20 (1): 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X0202000108.
Mangialardi, T., A. E. Paolini, A. Polettini, and A. Sirini. 1999. “Optimization of the solidification stabilization process of MSW fly ash in cementitious matrices.” J. Hazard. Mater. 70 (1–2): 53–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(99)00132-6.
Nzihou, A., and P. Sharrock. 2002. “Calcium phosphate stabilization of fly ash with chloride extraction.” Waste Manage. 22 (2): 235–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(01)00074-5.
Piantone, P., F. Bodenan, R. Derie, and G. de Pelsenaire. 2003. “Monitoring the stabilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by phosphation: mineralogical and balance approach.” Waste Manage. 23 (3): 225–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(01)00058-7.
Quina, M. J., J. C. Bordado, and R. M. Quinta-Ferreira. 2008. “Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview.” Waste Manage. 28 (11): 2097–2121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.08.030.
Rani, D. A., A. R. Boccaccini, D. Deegan, and C. R. Cheeseman. 2008. “Air pollution control residues from waste incineration: Current UK situation and assessment of alternative technologies.” Waste Manage. 28 (11): 2279–2292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.10.007.
Rodella, N., A. Bosio, R. Dalipi, A. Zacco, L. Borgese, L. E. Depero, and E. Bontempi. 2017. “Waste silica sources as heavy metal stabilizers for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash.” Arabian J. Chem. 10: S3676–S3681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.04.006.
Romeo, E. 2008. “Measurement and prediction of fundamental tensile failure limits of hot mix asphalt (HMA).” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Parma.
Romeo, E. 2013. “Two-dimensional digital image correlation for asphalt mixture characterization: Interest and limitations.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 14 (4): 747–763. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2013.815128.
Roque, R., B. Birgisson, C. Drakos, and B. Dietrich. 2004. “Development and field evaluation of energy-based criteria for top-down cracking performance of hot mix asphalt.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 73: 229–260.
Roque, R., B. Birgisson, B. Sangpetgnam, and Z. Zhang. 2002. “Hot mix asphalt fracture mechanics: A fundamental crack growth law for asphalt mixtures.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 71: 816–827.
Roque, R., and W. G. Buttlar. 1992. “The development of a measurement and analysis system to accurately determine asphalt concrete properties using the indirect tensile mode.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 61: 304–332.
Roque, R., W. G. Buttlar, B. E. Ruth, M. Tia, S. W. Dickison, and B. Reid. 1997. Evaluation of SHRP indirect tension tester to mitigate cracking in asphalt concrete pavements and overlays. Gainesville, FL: Univ. of Florida.
Rosa, M. G., B. Cetin, T. C. Edil, and C. H. Benson. 2017. “Freeze-thaw performance of fly ash-stabilized materials and recycled pavement materials.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (6): 04017015. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001844.
Rosner, J. C., J. G. Chehovits, and G. R. Morris. 1982. “Fly ash as a mineral filler and anti-strip agent for asphalt concrete.” In Vol. 1 of Proc., 6th Int. Ash Utilization Symp. Morgantown, WV: US Dept. of Energy.
Sakai, S., and M. Hiraok. 2000. “Municipal solid waste incinerator residue recycling by thermal processes.” Waste Manage. 20 (2–3): 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(99)00315-3.
Shi, H. S., and L. L. Kan. 2009. “Characteristics of municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI) fly ash-cement matrices and effect of mineral admixtures on composite system.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (6): 2160–2166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.12.016.
Struis, R. P. W. J., M. Pasquali, L. Borgese, A. Gianoncelli, M. Gelfi, P. Colombi, D. Thiaudière, L. E. Depero, G. Rizzo, and E. Bontempi. 2013. “Inertization of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by means of colloidal silica: A synchrotron X-ray diffraction and absorption study.” RSC Adv. 3 (34): 14339–14351. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra41792a.
Ubbriaco, P., and D. Calabrese. 1998. “Solidification and stabilization of cement paste containing fly ash from municipal solid waste.” Thermochim. Acta 321 (1–2): 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00453-5.
Xie, J., S. Wu, L. Pang, J. Lin, and Z. Zhu. 2012. “Influence of surface treated fly ash with coupling agent on asphalt mixture moisture damage.” Constr. Build. Mater. 30: 340–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.022.
Youcai, Z., S. Lijie, and L. Guojian. 2002. “Chemical stabilization of MSW incinerator fly ashes.” J. Hazard. Mater. B95 (1–2): 47–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00002-X.
Zacco, A., R. Gianoncelli, S. Ardesi, L. Sacrato, E. Guerini, E. Bontempi, M. Tomasoni, L. Alberti, and E. Depero. 2012. “Use of colloidal silica to obtain a new inert from municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash: First results about reuse.” Clean Technol. Environ. Policy 14 (2): 291–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-011-0401-1.
Zhang, X., D. Gress, S. Karpinski, and T. Eighmy. 1999. “Utilization of municipal solid waste combustion bottom ash as a paving material.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1652: 257–263. https://doi.org/10.3141/1652-32.
Zhang, Y. M., W. Sun, and H. D. Yan. 2000. “Hydration of high-volume fly ash cement pastes.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 22 (6): 445–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(00)00044-5.
Zhang, Z., R. Roque, B. Birgisson, and B. Sangpetgnam. 2001. “Identification and verification of a suitable crack growth law.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 70: 206–241.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30Issue 8August 2018

History

Received: Jul 17, 2017
Accepted: Jan 22, 2018
Published online: May 21, 2018
Published in print: Aug 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Oct 21, 2018

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Elena Romeo [email protected]
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Engineering and Architecture, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, Parma 43124, Italy (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]
Luciana Mantovani
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
Mario Tribaudino
Professor, Dept. of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
Antonio Montepara
Professor, Dept. of Engineering and Architecture, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, Parma 43124, Italy.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share