Mechanical Properties of Brick Aggregate Concrete Containing Rice Husk Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 6
Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine the mechanical properties, including among others compressive strength , tensile strength , flexural strength , modulus of elasticity , and Poisson’s ratio of a brick aggregate concrete (BAC) containing rice husk ash (RHA) as a partial replacement of cement. Concrete cylinders with 100-mm diameter and 200-mm height were cast using 0–25% RHA as a partial replacement of cement with water-to-binder ratios of 0.45, 0.50, and 0.55, with a mix ratio of 1:1.5:3, and cured in water at room temperature. The experimental results indicated that and increased gradually with the increasing RHA up to 15%. However, the maximum values of these were observed with 10% RHA. By contrast, of BAC containing up to 25% RHA was found lower than that of control concrete. and of BAC with RHA were higher than those of control concrete. It was observed that mechanical properties of BAC were influenced significantly due to the inclusion of 15% RHA as a partial replacement of cement with a water-to-binder ratio of 0.50.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Department of Civil Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, for providing the financial and technical support to carry out this study.
References
Abbas, S., Kazmi, S. M. S., and Munir, M. J. (2017). “Potential of rice husk ash for mitigating the alkali-silica reaction in mortar bars incorporating reactive aggregates.” Constr. Build. Mater., 132(2), 61–70.
Adamson, M., Razmjoo, A., and Poursaee, A. (2015). “Durability of concrete incorporating crushed brick as coarse aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater., 94(9), 426–432.
Akhtaruzzaman, A. A., and Hasnat, A. (1983). “Properties of concrete using crushed brick as aggregate.” Concr. Int., 5(2), 58–63.
ASTM. (1997). “Standard test method for bulk density (unit weight) and voids in aggregate.” ASTM C29, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (1998). “Standard test method for normal consistency of hydraulic cement.” ASTM C187, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2000). “Standard test method for slump of hydraulic-cement concrete.” ASTM C143, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2001a). “Standard test method for density, relative density (specific gravity), and absorption of coarse aggregate.” ASTM C127, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2001b). “Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates.” ASTM C136, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2001c). “Standard test method for time of setting of hydraulic cement by Vicat needle.” ASTM C191, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2002a). “Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete (using simple beam with center-point loading).” ASTM C293, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2002b). “Standard test method for static modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of concrete in compression.” ASTM C469, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2003a). “Standard practice for making and curing age concrete test specimens in the field.” ASTM C31, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2003b). “Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.” ASTM C39, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2003c). “Standard test methods for sampling and testing brick and structural clay tile.” ASTM C67, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2004a). “Standard specification for portland cement.” ASTM C150, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2004b). “Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.” ASTM C496, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2005a). “Standard specification for building brick (solid masonry units made from clay or shale).” ASTM C62, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2005b). “Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete.” ASTM C618, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2007). “Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars (using 2-in. or 50-mm) cube specimens.” ASTM C109, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2013). “Standard test method for total evaporable moisture content of aggregate by drying.” ASTM C566, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2015). “Standard test method for relative density (specific gravity) and absorption of fine aggregate.” ASTM C128, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bakar, B. H. A., Putrajaya, R. C., and Abdulaziz, H. (2010). “Malaysian rice husk ash—Improving the durability and corrosion resistance of concrete: Pre-review.” Concr. Res. Lett., 1(1), 6–13.
Bakar, B. H. A., Ramadhansyah, P. J., and Azmi, M. J. M. (2011). “Effect of rice husk ash fineness on the chemical and physical properties of concrete.” Mag. Concr. Res., 63(5), 313–320.
BS (British Standards). (1990). “Determination of particle density and bulk density of materials.” BS 1377, London.
Chopra, D., Siddique, R., and Kunal (2015). “Strength, permeability and microstructure of self-compacting concrete containing rice husk ash.” J. Biosyst. Eng., 130(2), 72–80.
Christopher, F., Bolatito, A., and Ahmed, S. (2017). “Structure and properties of mortar and concrete with rice husk ash as partial replacement of ordinary portland cement: A review.” Int. J. Sustainable Built Env., 6(2), 675–692.
Cook, D. J., and Cao, H. T. (1987). “An investigation of the pore structure in fly ash/OPC blends.” Proc., 1st Int. Congress Pore Structure and Materials Properties, Vol. 1, Cement and Concrete Research, Paris, 69–76.
Dey, G., and Pal, J. (2013). “Use of brick aggregate in standard concrete and its performance in elevated temperature.” IACSIT Int. J. Eng. Technol., 5(4), 523–526.
FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations). (2016). “Rice market monitor.” Paris, 1–31.
Ganesan, K., Rajagopal, K., and Thangavel, K. (2008). “Rice husk ash blended cement: Assessment of optimal level of replacement for strength and permeability of concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 22(8), 1675–1683.
Givi, A. N., Rashid, S. A., Aziz, F. N. A., and Salleh, M. A. M. (2010). “Contribution of rice husk ash to the properties of mortar and concrete: A review.” J. Am. Sci., 6(3), 157–165.
Habeeb, G. A., and Fayyadh, M. M. (2009). “Rice husk ash concrete: The effect of RHA average particle size on mechanical properties and drying shrinkage.” Aus. J. Bas. Appl. Sci., 3(3), 1616–1622.
Habeeb, G. A., and Mahmud, H. B. (2010). “Study on properties of rice husk ash and its use as cement replacement material.” Mater. Res., 13(2), 185–190.
Islam, M. S., and Siddique, M. A. A. (2015). “Comparative assessment of mechanical properties of concrete made with fresh and recycled brick aggregates.” Int. Conf. on Recent Innovation in Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development (IICSD-2015), Dept. of Civil Engineering, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Johari, I., Jaya, R. P., Said, S., and Bakar, B. H. A. (2011). “Chemical and physical properties of fired-clay brick at different type of rice husk ash.” Environment Science and Engineering, IACSIT Press, Singapore, 171–174.
Karim, M. R., Zain, M. F. M., Jamil, M., and Lai, F. C. (2013). “Fabrication of a non-cement binder using slag, palm oil fuel ash and rice husk ash with sodium hydroxide.” Constr. Build. Mater., 49(12), 894–902.
Karim, M. R., Zain, M. F. M., Jamil, M., Lai, F. C., and Islam, M. N. (2012). “Strength of mortar and concrete as influence by rice husk ash: A review.” W. Appl. Sci. J., 19(10), 1501–1513.
Kashyap, R., Chaudhary, M., and Sen, A. (2015). “Effect of partial replacement of cement by rice husk ash in concrete.” Int. J. Sci. Res., 4(5), 1572–1574.
Kazmi, S. M. S., Abbas, S., Munir, M. J., and Khitab, A. (2016a). “Exploratory study on the effect of waste rice husk and sugarcane bagasse ashes in burnt clay bricks.” J. Build. Eng., 7(9), 372–378.
Kazmi, S. M. S., Abbas, S., Saleem, M. A., Munir, M. J., and Khitab, A. (2016b). “Manufacturing of sustainable clay bricks: Utilization of waste sugarcane bagasse and rice husk ashes.” Constr. Build. Mater., 120, 29–41.
Keertana, B., and Gobhiga, S. (2016). “Experimental study of concrete with partial replacement of cement with rice husk ash and fine aggregate with granite dust.” Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol., 6(1), 36–41.
Khassaf, S. I., Jasim, A. T., and Mahdi, F. K. (2014). “Investigation the properties of concrete containing rice husk ash to reduction the seepage in canals.” Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res., 3(4), 348–354.
Malhotra, V. M., and Mehta, P. K. (2004). Pozzolanic and cementitious materials, Taylor & Francis, London.
Mansur, M. A., Wee, T. H., and Cheran, L. S. (1999). “Crushed bricks as coarse aggregate for concrete.” ACI Mater. J., 96(4), 478–484.
MATCH version 3.0 [Computer software]. Dr. Holger Putz, Bonn, Germany.
Mehta, P. K. (1977). “Properties of blended cements made from rice husk ash.” J. Am. Concr. Inst., 74(9), 440–442.
Mehta, P. K. (1999). “Concrete technology for sustainable development.” ACI Mater. J., 21(11), 47–52.
Momtazi, A. S., and Zanoosh, R. Z. (2011). “The effects of polypropylene fibers and rubber particles on mechanical properties of cement composite containing rice husk ash.” Procedia Eng., 10(1), 3608–3615.
Neville, A. M. (1997). Properties of concrete, 4th Ed., Wiley, New York.
Pode, R. (2016). “Potential applications of rice husk ash waste from rice husk biomass power plant.” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 53(1), 1468–1485.
Ramakrishnan, S., Velrajkumar, G., and Ranjith, S. (2014). “Behavior of cement-rice husk ash concrete for pavement.” Int. J. Emerg. Tren. Eng. Dev., 11(4), 31–41.
Rambabu, P. V., Sudeepa, K., and Ramarao, G. V. (2016). “Characteristics study on different types of cement mortars replaced with RHA as an admixture.” Int. J. Appl. Res., 2(6), 476–480.
Rashid, M. A., Hossain, T., and Islam, M. A. (2009). “Properties of higher strength concrete made with crushed brick as course aggregate.” J. Civ. Eng., 37(1), 43–52.
Rashid, M. A., Salam, M. A., Shill, S. K., and Hasan, M. K. (2012). “Effect of replacing natural coarse aggregate by brick aggregate on the properties of concrete.” DUET J., 1(3), 17–22.
Rashid, M. H. (2011). “Development of sustainable cement mortar incorporating rich husk ash.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. Civil Engineering, KUET, Khulna, Bangladesh.
Rukzon, S., Chindaprasirt, P., and Mahachai, R. (2009). “Effect of grinding on chemical and physical properties of rice husk ash.” Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 16(2), 242–247.
Srinivas, K., and Kishore, K. M. (2015). “Mechanical properties of rice husk ash blended cement concretes made with OPC 53 cement.” Int. J. Innovative Res. Sci., Eng. Technol., 4(12), 12620–12625.
Van, V. T. A., Roessler, C., Bui, D. D., and Ludwig, H. M. (2013). “Mesoporous structure and pozzolanic reactivity of rice husk ash in cementitious system.” Constr. Build. Mater., 43(6), 208–216.
Zhang, M. H., Lastra, R., and Malhotra, V. M. (1996). “Rice husk ash paste and concrete: Some aspects of hydration and the microstructure of the interfacial zone between the aggregate and paste.” Cem. Concr. Res., 26(6), 963–977.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30 • Issue 6 • June 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 14, 2017
Accepted: Nov 14, 2017
Published online: Mar 23, 2018
Published in print: Jun 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Aug 23, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.